Vandalism is editing deliberately intended to damage the encyclopedia. Adding a joke to an article, blanking a page, replacing text with abuse: all vandalism. A bad edit made in good faith is not vandalism, however wrong it is, and treating it as such drives away people who would have become good contributors.
Four things catch it, in this order:
Undo it. You do not need permission, an account, or any particular status. Leave an edit summary saying what you did.
If a page is being hit repeatedly, ask for protection on OpenWiki:Community portal. If an account is doing nothing else, ask an administrator to block it.
Every one of these measures is cheaper than the alternative, which is checking edits before publishing them. Reverting vandalism takes seconds; reviewing every good-faith edit in advance would take longer than writing the encyclopedia. Open editing is not naivety about vandalism — it is a bet that damage is easier to undo than contributions are to replace.