{{Short description|Public research university in Ontario, Canada}}
{{Hatnote group|
{{Redirect|U of T|}}
{{Distinguish|Toronto Metropolitan University}}
}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=April 2021}}
<!-- This article is about the University of Toronto overall and its central administration. Information that is specific to its three campuses can be found in the respective articles of [[University of Toronto St. George]], [[University of Toronto Mississauga]], and [[University of Toronto Scarborough]]. -->
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                 = University of Toronto
 | image                = Utoronto coa.svg
 | logo                 = UofT logo.svg
 | image_upright        = 0.85
 | caption              = [[Coat of arms of the University of Toronto|Coat of arms]]
 | latin_name           = Universitas Torontonensis<ref>{{Cite book |title=Record of the Jubilee Celebrations of the University of Sydney |date=1903 |publisher=William Brooks and Co. |edition=Reprint| id={{ISBN|9781112213304}} |publication-place=[[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] |language=en-AU }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Records of The Tercentenary Festival of Dublin University |date=1894 |publisher=[[Hodges Figgis|Hodges, Figgis & Co.]] |id={{ISBN|9781355361602}} |edition=Reprint |publication-place=[[Dublin]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Ireland]] |language=en-IE }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Actes du Jubilé de 1909 |date=1910 |publisher=Georg Keck & Cie |edition=Reprint|id={{ISBN|9781360078335}} |publication-place=[[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]] |language=fr-CH }}</ref>
 | motto                = {{native name|la|Velut arbor ævo}}
 | motto_lang           = la
 | motto_eng            = "As a tree through the ages"<ref>Originates from [[Horace]] ''[[Odes (Horace)|Odes]]'', book I, ode 12, line 45: "''crescit occulto velut arbor ævo fama Marcelli''{{-"}} ("The fame of Marcellus grows like a tree over time unseen").</ref>
 | established          = {{Start date and age|1827|03|15|p=yes|br=yes}}
 | type                 = [[Public university|Public]] [[research university]]
 | religious_affiliation = [[Nonsectarian]]
 | former_names         = King's College<br />(1827–1849)
 | endowment            = {{Plain list|
* {{Circa| {{CAD|3.62|link=yes}} }} billion
* ({{Circa| {{CAD|4.49}} }} billion {{abbreviation|incl.|including}} federated universities)<ref name=endowmentreport>Endowment figure does not include separate endowment funds maintained by the university's three federated universities, which amount to {{CAD|555.7}}&nbsp;million for [[Victoria University, Toronto|Victoria University]], {{CAD|83.7}}&nbsp;million for the [[University of Trinity College]], and C$88.5&nbsp;million for the [[University of St. Michael's College]] in their respective most recent financial reports (2020-2023) {{Cite book |title=Financial Report - 2024 |publisher=Financial Services Department, University of Toronto |year=2024 |url=https://finance.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/April-30-2024-U-of-T-Endowments-Annual-Financial-Report.pdf |access-date=January 2, 2025 |archive-date=August 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830084244/https://finance.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023f.pdf |url-status=live }} {{Cite book |title=Financial Statements of Trinity College - 2022 |publisher=KPMG LLP |year=2022 |url=https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2021-22-Audited-Financial-Statements.pdf |access-date=October 22, 2023 }} {{Cite book |title=Financial Statements - 2023 |publisher=Financial Services Department, Victoria University |year=2023 |url=https://vicu.utoronto.ca/assets/PDFs/Finance-/Victoria-University-2023.pdf |access-date=October 22, 2023 }} {{Cite book |title=Financial Statements of the University of St. Michael's College - 2020 |publisher=KPMG LLP |year=2020 |url=https://stmikes.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/2020-04-30-University-of-St-Michaels-College-24360-AUD-DSsign.pdf |access-date=October 22, 2023 }}</ref>}}
 | city                 = [[Greater Toronto Area]]
 | province             = Ontario
 | country              = Canada
 | coordinates          = {{coord|43|39|42|N|79|23|42|W|region:CA-ON_type:edu|display=title,inline}}
 | mapframe-zoom        = 9
 | faculty              = 16,503{{efn|name=tri-campus}}<ref name="quickfacts"/>
 | administrative_staff = 9,812{{efn|name=tri-campus}}<ref name="quickfacts"/><!-- Operating non-academic staff, excluding hospitals -->
 | chancellor           = [[Wes Hall (businessman)|Wes Hall]]<ref name="admin">{{cite web |url=http://www.chancellor.utoronto.ca/ |title=About The Chancellor |access-date=August 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225947/http://www.chancellor.utoronto.ca/ |archive-date=August 17, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | president            = [[Melanie Woodin]]<ref name="admin"/>
 | provost              = L. Trevor Young<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Tabassum |title=Trevor Young appointed U of T's vice-president and provost {{!}} University of Toronto |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/trevor-young-appointed-u-t-s-vice-president-and-provost |website=www.utoronto.ca |access-date=April 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
<!-- Before modifying enrolment figures, please be aware that this article is about the University of Toronto overall and its central administration. Information that is specific to its three campuses can be found in the respective articles of [[University of Toronto St. George]], [[University of Toronto Mississauga]], and [[University of Toronto Scarborough]]. -->
 | students             = <!-- Please read the note above before modifying -->102,431{{efn|name=tri-campus|This figure is for the university as a whole. For individual data on its three campuses, [[University of Toronto St. George|St. George]], [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]], and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]], refer to the respective articles.}}<ref name="quickfacts">{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t/quick-facts |title=Quick Facts |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=July 31, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155323/https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t/quick-facts |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | undergrad            = <!-- Please read the note above before modifying -->80,573{{efn|name=tri-campus}}<ref name="quickfacts" />
 | postgrad             = <!-- Please read the note above before modifying -->21,858{{efn|name=tri-campus}}<ref name="quickfacts" />
 | free_label           = Campuses
 | free                 = {{plainlist|
* [[University of Toronto St. George|St. George]]: large city, {{convert|182|acre|ha}}<ref name=campus_sizes>{{cite web|url=https://data.utoronto.ca/data-and-reports/facts-and-figures/facts-and-figures-facilities|title=Facts & Figures: Facilities|website=data.utoronto.ca|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref>
* [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]]: suburban, {{convert|225|acre|ha}}<ref name=campus_sizes/>
* [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]]: suburban, {{convert|300|acre|ha}}<ref name=campus_sizes/>
}}
 | free_label2          = Newspaper
 | free2                = ''[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]''
 | colours              = {{color box|#1E3765}} [[U of T Blue]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/communications/media/327/download?inline |title=U of T Colour Guide - 2023 |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509032334/https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/communications/media/327/download?inline |archive-date=May 9, 2025 }}</ref>
 | mascot               = [[True Blue (mascot)|True Blue]]
 | sports_nickname      = [[Toronto Varsity Blues|Varsity Blues]]
 | sporting_affiliations = [[U Sports]] – [[Ontario University Athletics|OUA]], [[Canadian University Field Lacrosse Association|CUFLA]]
 | academic_affiliations = {{hlist |[[Association of American Universities|AAU]] |[[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]] |[[Council of Ontario Universities|COU]] |[[International Association of Universities|IAU]] |[[Universities Canada]] |[[U15 Canada|U15]]}}
 | website              = {{URL|https://utoronto.ca}}<!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THIS WEBSITE TO http://www.toronto.edu or https://www.toronto.edu as the University of Toronto no longer uses it as their web address and redirects it to https://www.utoronto.ca . As well, the University of Toronto UTORid system, the main university online identification system, no longer issues @toronto.edu e-mail addresses as they now issue @utoronto.ca e-mail addresses instead. -->
}}

The '''University of Toronto''' ('''U of T'''<!--U of T is unique to the University of Toronto--><!-- Do not add Toronto U because it would refer to Toronto University, which is an incorrect name (and can be confused with Toronto Metropolitan University). Do not add UT since it is used as a part of longer abbreviations, such as UTSG, UTM, UTSC, and UTSU, but not as a standalone abbreviation and can be confused for other universities -->) is a [[Public university|public]]<!-- Public universities are public-assisted in nature --> [[research university]] with three main campuses<!--it is one university with three main locations--> in the [[Greater Toronto Area]] of [[Ontario]], Canada. Based on the grounds that surround [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]] in [[Toronto]], it was founded by [[royal charter]] in 1827 as '''King's College''', the first institution of higher learning in [[Upper Canada]]. Originally controlled by the [[Church of England]], the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution.

The university's three campuses are known as [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George]], [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]], and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]]. Its large [[downtown Toronto]] location, St. George, is the oldest of the three and comprises 11 [[#Colleges|colleges]], each with varying autonomy over financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history. Its suburban campuses in the [[Scarborough, Ontario|Toronto district of Scarborough]] to the east and [[Mississauga|city of Mississauga]] to the west were established in the 1960s, and together make up nearly half of the university's [[undergraduate education|undergraduate]] student body.

The University of Toronto is the largest [[Higher education in Canada|post-secondary institution in Canada]], with more than 100,000 students enrolled and over 720,000 alumni.<ref name=about>{{cite web |title=About U of T |access-date=June 10, 2025 | publisher=University of Toronto |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/about-u-of-t}}</ref> It offers over 700 undergraduate and 200 graduate programs. The university receives the most annual [[Funding of science|scientific research funding]] and [[Financial endowment|endowment]] of any Canadian university. It is also one of two members of the [[Association of American Universities]] outside the United States, alongside [[McGill University]] in Montreal.<ref>{{cite web|title=Association of American Universities|url=http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5474|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114071434/http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5474|archive-date=January 14, 2013|access-date=November 5, 2012|publisher=Aau.edu}}</ref> Academically, the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in [[literary criticism]] and [[communication theory]], known collectively as the [[Toronto school of communication theory|Toronto School]].

The university was the birthplace of [[insulin]],<ref name=":0" /> [[stem cell]] research,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |date=February 1, 2011 |title=Ernest McCulloch, Crucial Figure in Stem Cell Research, Dies at 84 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/01/health/research/01mcculloch.html |access-date=July 5, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> the first [[artificial cardiac pacemaker]],<ref name="pearce_2005" /> and the site of the first successful [[lung transplantation|lung transplant]] and [[nerve]] transplant. The university was also home to the first [[electron microscope]], the development of [[deep learning]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Werbos, Paul J. (Paul John) |title=Beyond regression : new tools for prediction and analysis in the behavioral sciences |oclc=77001455}}</ref> [[neural network]]s, [[multi-touch]] technology, the identification of the first [[black hole]] [[Cygnus X-1]], and the development of the theory of [[NP-completeness]]. The University of Toronto is the recipient of both the single largest philanthropic gift in Canadian history, a {{CAD|250}}&nbsp;million donation from James and Louise Temerty in 2020, and the largest ever research grant in Canada, a {{CAD|200}}&nbsp;million grant from the [[Government of Canada]] in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |date=September 24, 2020 |title=University of Toronto receives single largest gift in Canadian history from James and Louise Temerty to support advances in human health and health care |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/university-toronto-receives-single-largest-gift-canadian-history-james-and-louise-temerty |access-date=November 4, 2023 |publisher=University of Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 11, 2023 |title=Accelerating Progress |url=https://magazine.utoronto.ca/campus/accelerating-progress/ |access-date=November 4, 2023 |publisher=University of Toronto Magazine}}</ref>

The [[Toronto Varsity Blues|Varsity Blues]]  represent the university in intercollegiate league matches, primarily within [[U Sports]], with ties to [[gridiron football]], rowing and ice hockey. The earliest recorded instance of gridiron football was at University of Toronto's [[University College, Toronto|University College]] in November 1861.<ref name="Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession - Mark F. Bernstein - Google Books">{{Cite book|last=Bernstein|first=Mark F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3i4KOu7MiEC|title=Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession|date=September 19, 2001|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-3627-9|language=en}}</ref><!--Do not remove as it's explained later in the Athletics section of the article with reliable references--> The university's [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]] is an early example of the North American [[Student center|student centre]], simultaneously serving cultural, intellectual, and recreational interests within its large [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic-revival]] complex.

{{As of|2026}}, <!--The vast majority of university lists the affiliation-->13<!--The vast majority of university lists the affiliation--> [[Nobel laureates]], 6 [[Turing Award]] winners, 100 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]], and 1<!--See talk page for discussion--> [[Fields Medal]]ist have been affiliated with the university. [[List of University of Toronto alumni|University of Toronto alumni]] additionally include five [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime ministers of Canada]] (including [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] and [[Lester B. Pearson]]), three [[Governor General of Canada|governors general of Canada]], nine foreign leaders, seventeen [[List of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada|justices of the Supreme Court of Canada]], and eight [[Mayor of Toronto|mayors of Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web |date=November 30, 2015 |title=Canadian PMs' Higher Education Experiences |url=https://higheredstrategy.com/canadian-pms-higher-education-experiences/ |access-date=November 2, 2018 |publisher=Higher Education Strategy Associates}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
The founding of a colonial college had long been the desire of [[John Graves Simcoe]], the first [[List of lieutenant governors of Ontario|Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada]] and founder of [[York, Upper Canada|York]], the colonial capital.<ref name="simcoeBiography">{{cite web |url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=2659&interval=20&&PHPSESSID=0rumfq1oqmk0k2d7nt51qeh9s0 |title=Simcoe, John Graves |access-date=November 2, 2008 |work=Volume V |publisher=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]] |year=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017090831/http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=2659&interval=20&&PHPSESSID=0rumfq1oqmk0k2d7nt51qeh9s0 |archive-date=October 17, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="historyQA_simcoe"/> As an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]]-educated military commander who had fought in the [[American Revolutionary War]], Simcoe believed a college was needed to counter the spread of [[republicanism]] from the [[United States]].<ref name="historyQA_simcoe">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history1.asp |title=Who was an early advocate for higher education in Upper Canada? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200539/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history1.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Upper Canada Executive Committee recommended in 1798 that a college be established in York.<ref name="historyQA_simcoe"/>
[[File:King's College royal charter 1827 leaf1.jpg|thumb|Charter granted by [[George IV|King George IV]] in 1827, establishing King's College.]]
On March 15, 1827, a [[royal charter]] was formally issued by [[George IV|King George IV]], proclaiming "from this time one College, with the style and privileges of a University … for the education of youth in the principles of the [[Christianity|Christian Religion]], and for their instruction in the various branches of Science and Literature … to continue for ever, to be called King's College."<ref name="charterStory"/> The granting of the charter was largely the result of intense lobbying by [[John Strachan]], the influential future first [[Anglican Church of Canada|Anglican]] [[Anglican Diocese of Toronto|Bishop of Toronto]] who took office as the college's first [[President of the University of Toronto|president]].<ref name="charterStory">{{cite web |url=http://content.library.utoronto.ca/utarms/researchers/Charter/Charter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210190101/http://content.library.utoronto.ca/utarms/researchers/Charter/Charter |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 10, 2012 |title=The story of the University of Toronto's original charter |access-date=November 2, 2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services }}</ref><ref name="friedland_2002"/> King's College was designated the provincial university of Upper Canada, allowing other institutions to affiliate or join its federation.<ref name=lang_d.w.>{{cite journal |last1=Lang |first1=Daniel W. |title=Origins of University Federation in Canada |journal=The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de La Pensée Éducative |date=December 2022 |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=217–256 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27340073 |publisher=Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary}}</ref><ref name="uoftAct" /> The original three-storey [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]] school building was built on the present site of [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]].<ref name="historyQA_kingsCollege">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history11.asp |title=What university was founded 175 years ago? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200539/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history11.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Portrait_kingsCollege">{{citation |title=University College, A Portrait 1853–1953 |editor-last=Bissell |editor-first=Claude T. |publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1953}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Peppiatt|first1=Liam|title=Chapter 17: Universities Old and New|url=http://www.landmarksoftoronto.com/universities-old-and-new|website=Robertson's Landmarks of Toronto Revisited|access-date=July 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630103136/http://www.landmarksoftoronto.com/universities-old-and-new|archive-date=June 30, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Under Strachan's stewardship, King's College was a religious institution closely aligned with the [[Church of England]] and the British colonial elite, known as the [[Family Compact]].<ref name="strachanBiography">{{cite web |url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=4729 |title=Strachan, John |access-date=November 2, 2008 |work=Volume IX |publisher=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]] Online |year=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526080647/http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=4729 |archive-date=May 26, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Reform movement (Upper Canada)|Reformist]] politicians opposed the clergy's control over colonial institutions and fought to have the college [[Secularization|secularized]].<ref name="historyQA_secularization">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history13.asp |title=How does history remember the 1849 conversion of King's College to the University of Toronto? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200548/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history13.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1849, after a lengthy and heated debate, the newly elected [[responsible government]] of the [[Province of Canada]] voted to rename King's College as the University of Toronto and severed the school's ties with the church, given that York was renamed Toronto upon the city's incorporation in 1834.<ref name="friedland_2002">{{cite book |title=The University of Toronto: A History |last=Friedland |first=Martin L. |year=2002 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-4429-7 |pages=4, 31, 143, 156, 313, 376, 593–96}}</ref> Having anticipated this decision, the enraged Strachan had resigned a year earlier to open [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]] as a private Anglican seminary.<ref name="bfaught">{{Cite news |last=Faught |first=Brad |title=The Cast of Presidents |newspaper=University of Toronto Magazine |issue=Summer 2000 |year=2000 |url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/00summer/presidents.asp |access-date=November 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218084731/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/00summer/presidents.asp |archive-date=February 18, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[University College, Toronto|University College]] was created as the University of Toronto's nondenominational teaching branch, designated the provincial college.<ref name=lang_d.w./> During the [[American Civil War]], the threat of [[Union blockade]] on [[British North America]] prompted the creation of the [[Queen's Own Rifles of Canada#History|University Rifle Corps]], which saw battle in resisting the [[Fenian raids]] on the Niagara border in 1866.<ref name="historyQA_rifleCorps">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history22.asp |title=In what battle did the University Rifle Corps first see action? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410082153/http://greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history22.asp |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Corps was part of the [[Non-Permanent Active Militia|Reserve Militia]] led by professor [[Henry Croft]].<ref name="historyQA_rifleCorps" />
[[File:UniversityCollegeUofT 1800s.jpg|thumb|Painting of [[University College, Toronto|University College]], 1859.]]
Established in 1878, the School of Practical Science was the precursor to the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]], which has been nicknamed ''Skule'' since its earliest days.<ref name="historyQA_skule">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history15.asp |title=In 1878, what disciplines were launched in the University of Toronto's 'Little Red Skulehouse'? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200611/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history15.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the [[Temerty Faculty of Medicine]] opened in 1843, medical teaching was conducted by proprietary schools from 1853 until 1887 when the faculty absorbed the Toronto School of Medicine.<ref name="historyQA_medicine"/> Meanwhile, the university continued to set examinations and confer medical degrees.<ref name="historyQA_medicine">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history40.asp |title=What medical school was recognized as among the "best on the continent" within 20 years of its opening? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200543/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history40.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>  The university opened the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Law|Faculty of Law]] in 1887, followed by the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Dentistry|Faculty of Dentistry]] in 1888 when the [[Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario|Royal College of Dental Surgeons]] became an affiliate.<ref name="friedland_2002"/> Women were first admitted to the university in 1884.<ref name="historyQA_women">{{cite web|url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history36.asp|title=What was front page news in the inaugural issue of the student paper The Varsity in 1880?|work=History Q & A|publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs|access-date=April 20, 2019|year=2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200541/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history36.asp|archive-date=April 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

A devastating fire in 1890 gutted the interior of University College and destroyed 33,000 volumes from the library,<ref name="historyQA_fire">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history6.asp |title=What was so heartbreaking about Valentine's Day, 1890? |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |access-date=April 20, 2019 |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200546/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history6.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> but the university restored the building and replenished its library within two years.<ref name="historyQA_fire"/> Over the next two decades, a [[collegiate university|collegiate system]] took shape as the university arranged federation with several ecclesiastical colleges, including Strachan's Trinity College in 1904. The university operated [[the Royal Conservatory of Music]] from 1896 to 1991 and the [[Royal Ontario Museum]] from 1912 to 1968; both still retain close ties with the university as independent institutions.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Museum Makers: the Story of the Royal Ontario Museum |last=Dickson |first=Lovat |year=1986 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-7441-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=There's Music in These Walls: A History of the Royal Conservatory of Music |last=Schabas |first=Ezra |year=2005 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-1-55002-540-8}}</ref> The [[University of Toronto Press]] was founded in 1901 as Canada's first [[university press|academic publishing house]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Parker|first=George L.|year=2009|title=University Presses|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-presses|encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|publisher=Historica Canada|access-date=August 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818205824/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-presses|archive-date=August 18, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The Faculty of Forestry (now part of the [[John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design|Daniels Faculty]]), founded in 1907 with [[Bernhard Fernow]] as dean, was Canada's first university faculty devoted to forest science. In 1910, the Faculty of Education opened its [[laboratory school]], the [[University of Toronto Schools]].

===World wars and post-war years===
[[File:AirplaneInFrontOfUC.jpg|thumb|A [[Sopwith Camel]] aircraft rests on the Front Campus lawn in 1918.]]
The [[World War I|First]] and [[World War II|Second World Wars]] curtailed some university activities as undergraduate and graduate men eagerly enlisted.<ref name="historyQA_WWI">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history31.asp |title=In 1914, why were students marching in the University of Toronto's Hart House under the command of a chemistry professor? |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |access-date=April 20, 2019 |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200540/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history31.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="historyQA_WWII"/> Intercollegiate athletic competitions and the [[Hart House Debating Club|Hart House Debates]] were suspended, although exhibition and interfaculty games were still held.<ref name="historyQA_WWII">{{cite web|url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history37.asp|title=How many University of Toronto students and alumni served in the Canadian Armed Forces during the Second World War?|work=History Q & A|publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs|access-date=April 19, 2019|year=2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200612/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history37.asp|archive-date=April 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[David Dunlap Observatory]] in [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] opened in 1935, followed by the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies in 1949.<ref name="friedland_2002"/><ref>{{cite journal |last=Russel |first=C.H. |date=February 1999 |title=The Legacy Continues:C. A. Chant and the David Dunlap Observatory |journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada |volume=93 |issue=1|pages=11 |bibcode=1999JRASC..93...11R }}</ref> By the 1961–62 academic year, the university had a total enrolment of 14,302 students, including 1,531 graduate students.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macdonald |first=John B. |date=1962 |title=Higher education in British Columbia and a plan for the future |url=https://www.bccat.ca/Media/NEWBCCAT/pubs/HighEdBCPlan.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216093548/https://www.bccat.ca/Media/NEWBCCAT/pubs/HighEdBCPlan.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 

The university opened its second campus, then known as [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough College]] in 1964, and third campus, then known as [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Erindale College]] shortly after in 1967. The university's former affiliated schools at the [[Ontario Agricultural College]] and [[Glendon College|Glendon Hall]] became fully independent of the University of Toronto and became part of [[University of Guelph]] in 1964 and [[York University]] in 1965, respectively. Beginning in the 1980s, reductions in government funding prompted more rigorous fundraising efforts.<ref name="friedland_2002"/>

===Since 2000===
In 2000, geophysicist [[Kin-Yip Chun]] was reinstated as a professor of the university, after he launched an unsuccessful lawsuit against the university alleging racial discrimination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/u-of-t-reinstates-researcher/article1042381/|title=U of T reinstates researcher|date=September 9, 2000|access-date=September 7, 2019|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc.|archive-date=February 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208065627/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/u-of-t-reinstates-researcher/article1042381/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, a human rights application was filed against the university by one of its students for allegedly delaying the investigation of sexual assault and being dismissive of their concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/04/05/student-alleges-university-of-toronto-mishandled-sex-assault-complaint.html|title=Student alleges University of Toronto mishandled sex assault complaint|work=The Toronto Star|access-date=September 7, 2019|date=April 5, 2017|last=Siekierska|first=Alicja|publisher=Torstar Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922151131/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/04/05/student-alleges-university-of-toronto-mishandled-sex-assault-complaint.html|archive-date=September 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the university cleared one of its professors of allegations of discrimination and [[antisemitism]] in an internal investigation, after a complaint was filed by one of its students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cjnews.com/news/canada/university-of-toronto-clears-professor-following-dispute-with-jewish-student|title=University of Toronto clears professor following dispute with Jewish student|date=September 13, 2018|last=Csillag|first=Ron|work=CJN News|publisher=Canadian Jewish News|access-date=September 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922151131/https://www.cjnews.com/news/canada/university-of-toronto-clears-professor-following-dispute-with-jewish-student|archive-date=September 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/levy-prof-didnt-discriminate-against-jewish-student-u-of-t |title=Levy - Prof. didn't discriminate against Jewish student: U of T |work=torontosun |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209114716/https://torontosun.com/news/local-news/levy-prof-didnt-discriminate-against-jewish-student-u-of-t |archive-date=December 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> An antisemitism working group reported that antisemitism on campus was a systemic source of discrimination, harassment and violence<ref>Report of the U of T Antisemitism Working Group, 2021</ref>.  The 2024 pro-Palestinian encampment denied Jewish faculty and students entry to university buildings at Kings College Circle and sparked public outrage.  Legal proceedings led the Ontario Superior Court to order the removal of the encampment, citing hate speech and harassment<ref>Michael Geist, Ontario Superior Court Decision Summary</ref>.{{Better source needed|date=January 2026}}

The University of Toronto was the first Canadian university to amass a [[financial endowment]] greater than one billion dollars in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canadian university endowment funds skyrocket |url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=fcabcfec-0d12-49b5-938b-7a4e565bb74f&k=27206 |work=Ottawa Citizen |publisher=[[Canwest|CanWest Global]] |date=October 26, 2007 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027074817/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=fcabcfec-0d12-49b5-938b-7a4e565bb74f&k=27206 |archive-date=October 27, 2007 }}</ref> From 2011 to 2018, the university embarked on the ''Boundless'' fundraising campaign, which concluded in 2018 at {{CAD|2.641}}{{nbsp}}billion raised, setting a new all-time fundraising record in Canada.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://boundless.utoronto.ca/the-campaign/ | title=Boundless: The Campaign for the University of Toronto | access-date=November 5, 2023 | publisher=University of Toronto}}</ref>
[[File:Student encampments - UofT - Camping at the university.jpg|thumb|University of Toronto [[List of Gaza war protests at universities in 2024|pro-Palestinian encampment]] on May 10, 2024]]
On September 24, 2020, the university announced the single largest donation in Canadian history, a {{CAD|250}}{{nbsp}}million gift to the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine|Faculty of Medicine]] from Toronto-based philanthropists [[James C. Temerty|James and Louise Temerty]].<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Toronto receives single largest gift in Canadian history from James and Louise Temerty to support advances in human health and health care |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/university-toronto-receives-single-largest-gift-canadian-history-james-and-louise-temerty |website=University of Toronto News |access-date=September 25, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929173637/https://www.utoronto.ca/news/university-toronto-receives-single-largest-gift-canadian-history-james-and-louise-temerty |url-status=live }}</ref> This broke the previous record for the school set in 2019 when Onex CEO [[Gerry Schwartz]] and his wife, Indigo CEO [[Heather Reisman]], jointly donated $100&nbsp;million for the creation of a {{convert|750000|sqft|adj=on|order=flip}} innovation and artificial intelligence centre known as the [[Schwartz Reisman Innovation Campus]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Landmark $100-million gift to the University of Toronto from Gerald Schwartz and Heather Reisman will power Canadian innovation and help researchers explore the intersection of technology and society |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/landmark-100-million-gift-university-toronto-gerald-schwartz-and-heather-reisman-will-power |website=University of Toronto News |access-date=September 25, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=September 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926064600/https://www.utoronto.ca/news/landmark-100-million-gift-university-toronto-gerald-schwartz-and-heather-reisman-will-power |url-status=live }}</ref> The Faculty of Medicine has been renamed the [[Temerty Faculty of Medicine]] in their honour.

In December 2021, the University of Toronto announced the launch of the ''Defy Gravity'' campaign, the largest fundraising campaign in Canadian history, with a goal of raising {{CAD|4}}{{nbsp}}billion for the university.<ref>{{cite web | title=Defy Gravity: Campaign for U of T offers vision of inclusive excellence with global impact | url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/defy-gravity-campaign-u-t-offers-vision-inclusive-excellence-global-impact | publisher=University of Toronto | date=December 14, 2021 | access-date=November 5, 2023}}</ref>

In August 2025, the university announced the launch of the Lawson Climate Institute, aimed at fostering interdisciplinary research and policy development on climate change. The institute's stated mission is to connect scholars, policymakers, and community leaders to advance solutions for reducing [[greenhouse gas emissions]] and adapting to impacts of climate change. Initial funding for the Climate Institute was provided through university resources, with plans to seek additional support from public and private partners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New climate institute at University of Toronto launched with $60M gift {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/11142691/climate-institute-university-of-toronto/ |access-date=August 9, 2025 |website=Global News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Campuses ==
{{OSM Location map
|float=right
|width=350
|height=250
|nolabels=1
|coord={{coord|43.660842|-79.396022}}
|zoom=8
|shapeD=circle
|mark-sizeD=11
|shape-colorD=#1E3765
|shape-outlineD=black
|label-posD=bottom
|label-sizeD=11,background,outline
|caption=Locations of the University of Toronto within the [[Greater Toronto Area]].

|label1='''[[University of Toronto St. George|St. George]]'''
|mark-coord1={{coord|43.6635|-79.3958}}
|shape-color1=#1E3765
|mark-title1=St. George
|mark-image1=Toronto IMG 1363 (1879666025).jpg
|mark-description1=Oldest and largest campus in [[downtown Toronto]].

|label2='''[[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]]'''
|mark-coord2={{coord|43.7847|-79.1859}}
|shape-color2=#1E3765
|mark-title2=Scarborough
|mark-image2=University of Toronto Scarborough aerial view 2024.jpg
|mark-description2=Smallest campus, located in the Toronto district of [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]] east of downtown Toronto.

|label3='''[[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]]'''
|mark-coord3={{coord|43.5483|-79.6627}}
|shape-color3=#1E3765
|mark-title3=Mississauga
|mark-image3=University of Toronto Mississauga 2022.jpg
|mark-description3=Second-largest campus, located in the city of [[Mississauga]] approximately 33 kilometres southwest of downtown Toronto.

|map-data-inverse=Q1024624
}}
The University of Toronto describes itself as one university with three campuses.<ref name=about/> The St. George campus is the university's historic central location in downtown Toronto, with the smaller Scarborough and Mississauga campuses established in the 1960s, set in Toronto's eastern district of [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]] and the neighbouring city of [[Mississauga]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tri-Campus Review: "One University, Three Campuses" |url=https://www.provost.utoronto.ca/committees/tri-campus-review-one-university-three-campuses/ |website=University of Toronto |publisher=Division of the Vice-President & Provost |access-date=October 24, 2025}}</ref>

All located within the [[Greater Toronto Area]], each campus has a unique identity and learning environment while sharing [[faculty (academic staff)|faculty]] and central governance. The St. George campus is noted for its urban location and mix of [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] and [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]] architecture,<ref>{{cite journal| title =An Important Example in Modern Gothic: Hart House, Toronto. | journal =Construction (Toronto)| volume =5| issue =7| pages =60–68| location =Toronto| date =June 1912 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/autumn-2007/convocation-hall-ceremony-u-of-t-traditions/ |title=A Century at Convocation Hall &#124; By Graham F. Scott &#124; University of Toronto Traditions, Convocation Ceremony &#124; University of Toronto Magazine |date=September 21, 2007 |publisher=University of Toronto Magazine |access-date=March 26, 2014}}</ref> while a blend of [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] and [[Contemporary architecture|contemporary]] buildings in more nature-oriented, suburban settings characterize the Scarborough and Mississauga campuses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2022 |title='Brutalist'? Architect behind U of T Scarborough's Science and Humanities Wing didn't think so |publisher= University of Toronto Scarborough News |url=https://utsc.utoronto.ca/news-events/our-community/remembering-architect-behind-u-t-scarboroughs-iconic-brutalist-building |access-date=September 30, 2025|language=en}}</ref>

=== St. George ===
{{main|University of Toronto St. George}}

[[File:Toronto IMG 1363 (1879666025).jpg|thumb|The [[University of Toronto St. George|St. George campus]] has the largest student population of the three and is home to the college system. It is located in [[downtown Toronto]].]]
The University of Toronto's St. George campus is its oldest and largest location, situated in [[downtown Toronto]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=St. George Campus |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=July 6, 2025 |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/university-life/campuses/st-george}}</ref> It is home to the university's central administration, collegiate system, as well as most of its academic divisions, the largest of which is the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science|Faculty of Arts and Science]]. The grounds lie in the [[University, Toronto|University neighbourhood]], about {{convert|2|km|mi}} north of downtown's [[Financial District, Toronto|Financial District]], immediately north of [[Chinatown, Toronto|Chinatown]] and the [[Discovery District]], and immediately south of the neighbourhoods of [[Yorkville, Toronto|Yorkville]] and [[The Annex]]. The site encompasses {{convert|73.6|ha|acre}} bounded mostly by [[Bay Street]] to the east, [[Bloor Street]] to the north, [[Spadina Avenue]] to the west and [[College Street (Toronto)|College Street]] to the south.<ref name="campus_sizes">{{cite web|url=https://data.utoronto.ca/data-and-reports/facts-and-figures/facts-and-figures-facilities|title=Facts & Figures: Facilities|website=data.utoronto.ca|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=October 14, 2024}}</ref><ref name="factsandfigures">{{Cite book |last1=Pask-Aubé |first1=Corinne |title=University of Toronto Facts and Figures |publisher=Office of Government, Institutional and Community Relations |year=2012|url= https://www.utoronto.ca/about-uoft/quickfacts |access-date=February 23, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160430021717/http://www.utoronto.ca/about-uoft/quickfacts |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> An enclave surrounded by the university grounds, [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]] contains the [[Ontario Legislative Building]] and several historic monuments. With its green spaces and many interlocking courtyards, the St. George campus forms a distinct region of [[urban park]]land in the city's downtown core.<ref name="openSpace" /> The namesake [[University Avenue (Toronto)|University Avenue]] is a ceremonial [[boulevard]] and arterial thoroughfare that runs through downtown between [[Queen's Park (Toronto)|Queen's Park]] and [[Front Street (Toronto)|Front Street]]. Several [[Toronto subway]] stations are nearby, including {{stl|TTC|Spadina}}, {{stl|TTC|St. George}}, {{stl|TTC|Museum}}, {{stl|TTC|Queen's Park}}, and {{stl|TTC|St. Patrick}}. The name St. George is taken from [[St. George Street]], a road that divides the campus from north to south.

[[File:WWTower-in-university-of-toronto cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[Soldiers' Tower]], a memorial to alumni fallen in the World Wars, contains a 51-bell [[carillon]].]]
The architecture is epitomized by a combination of [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] buildings spread across the eastern and central portions of campus, most dating between 1858 and 1929. The traditional heart of the university, known as Front Campus, is near the centre of the St. George campus in an oval lawn enclosed by King's College Circle, a pedestrian street.<ref name="openSpace">{{cite journal |author=Allsop, Robert |display-authors=etal |year=1999 |title=Investing in the Landscape |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/openspace/ |url-status=dead |journal=Investing in the Landscape |publisher=The Open Space Steering Committee, University of Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728080833/http://www.utoronto.ca/openspace/ |archive-date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=January 11, 2009}}</ref> The centrepiece of King's College Circle is the main building of [[University College, Toronto|University College]], built in 1857 with an eclectic blend of [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] and [[Norman architecture|Norman]] architectural elements.<ref>{{cite book |title=Illustrated Toronto, Past and Present |url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedtoron00timp_0 |last=Timperlake |first=J. |year=1877 |publisher=Peter A. Gross |location=Toronto |page=[https://archive.org/details/illustratedtoron00timp_0/page/n286 209]}}</ref> The dramatic effect of this blended design by architect [[Frederick William Cumberland]] drew praise from European visitors of the time: "Until I reached Toronto," remarked [[Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava|Lord Dufferin]] during his visit in 1872, "I confess I was not aware that so magnificent a specimen of architecture existed upon the [[Americas|American continent]]."<ref>{{cite book |title=Fred Cumberland: Building the Victorian Dream |last=Simmins |first=Geoffrey |year=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-0679-0 |page=92}}</ref> The building was declared a [[National Historic Sites of Canada|National Historic Site of Canada]] in 1968.<ref>{{cite conference |title=Minutes of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada |publisher=National Historic Sites Directorate |year=1968 |url=http://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/com-ful_e.aspx?id=9520 |id=Fed/Prov/Terr identifier 558 |access-date=January 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224033009/http://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/com-ful_e.aspx?id=9520 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Built in 1907, [[Convocation Hall]] is recognizable for its domed roof and [[Ionic order|Ionic]]-pillared rotunda. Although its foremost function is hosting the annual convocation ceremonies, the building is a venue for academic and social events throughout the year.<ref>{{Cite journal |url= http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/02spring/snowflake.asp |title= As Canadian as a Snowflake |journal= University of Toronto Magazine |year= 2002 |issue= Spring 2002 |author= Duffy, Dennis |access-date= January 11, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080118054113/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/02spring/snowflake.asp |archive-date= January 18, 2008 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The sandstone buildings of [[Knox College, Toronto|Knox College]] epitomizes the North American [[collegiate Gothic]] design, with its characteristic [[cloister]]s surrounding a secluded courtyard.<ref name="fraser1995"/>
[[File:UofTConvocationHall.jpg|thumb|The neoclassical [[Convocation Hall]] is characterized by its domed roof and [[Ionic order|Ionic]]-pillared rotunda.]]
A lawn at the northeast is anchored by [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]], a Gothic-revival [[student center|student centre]] complex. Among its many common rooms, the building's Great Hall is noted for large stained-glass windows and a long quotation from [[John Milton]]'s ''[[Areopagitica]]'' inscribed around the walls.<ref name="kilgour_1999">{{cite book |title=A Strange Elation: Hart House, The First Eighty Years |last=Kilgour |first=David |year=1999 |publisher=[[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]] |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-7727-0649-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/strangeelationha0000unse |access-date=August 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111015329/https://archive.org/details/strangeelationha0000unse |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Canadian Literary Landmarks |last=Colombo |first=John Robert |year=1984 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-0-88882-073-0 |page=194}}</ref> The adjacent [[Soldiers' Tower]] stands {{convert|143|ft|m|0}} tall as the most prominent structure in the vicinity, its stone arches etched with the names of university members lost to the battlefields of the two World Wars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alumni.utoronto.ca/s/731/index.aspx?sid=731&gid=9&pgid=61 |title=Soldiers' Tower Committee Information |access-date=March 15, 2009 |publisher=Soldiers' Tower Committee, University of Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224092028/http://alumni.utoronto.ca/s/731/index.aspx?sid=731&gid=9&pgid=61&cid=160 |archive-date=February 24, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The tower houses a 51-bell [[carillon]] played on special occasions such as [[Remembrance Day]] and convocation.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Leeper |first=Muriel |year=1998 |title=Ringing the bells – Carillon demonstration by musician Gerald Martindale at the Soldiers' Tower Carillon at the University of Toronto in Canada |journal=Performing Arts & Entertainment in Canada |volume=32 |issue=1 |issn=1185-3433 }}</ref>  North of University College, the main building of [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]] displays [[Jacobethan]] [[Tudor architecture]], while its chapel was built in the [[Perpendicular Gothic]] style of [[Giles Gilbert Scott]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Toronto, No Mean City |title-link=Toronto, No Mean City |last=Arthur |first=Eric Ross |author2=Otto, Stephen A. |year=1986 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-6587-2 |page=130}}</ref> The chapel features exterior walls of [[sandstone]] and interiors of [[Indiana Limestone]] and was built by Italian stonemasons using ancient building methods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/Chapel/default.htm |title=Trinity College Chapel |publisher=[[Trinity College, Toronto|University of Trinity College]] |access-date=November 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021003633/http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/Chapel/default.htm |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Philosopher's Walk (Toronto)|Philosopher's Walk]] is a scenic footpath that follows a meandering, wooded ravine, the buried [[Taddle Creek]], linking with Trinity College, [[Varsity Arena]] and the [[Henry N.R. Jackman Faculty of Law]]. [[Victoria University, Toronto|Victoria College]] is on the eastern side of Queen's Park, centred on a Romanesque main building made of contrasting red sandstone and grey limestone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/about/history/One_Hundred_Years_of_Architecture.htm |title=One Hundred Years of Architecture |last=Houghton |first=Sarah |access-date=March 15, 2009 |work=The Strand |date=March 12, 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915165824/http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/about/history/One_Hundred_Years_of_Architecture.htm |archive-date=September 15, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:University_of_Toronto_Campus,_seen_from_Robarts_Library.jpg|thumb|350x350px|The north-central portion of the St.&nbsp;George campus as seen from [[Robarts Library]], with the skyline of [[downtown Toronto]] in the background.]]

Developed after the [[World War II|Second World War]], the section of the campus west of St. George Street consists mainly of [[Modern architecture|modernist]] and [[International Style (architecture)|internationalist]] structures that house laboratories and faculty offices.<ref name="openSpace"/> The most significant example of [[Brutalist architecture]] is the massive [[Robarts Library]] complex, built in 1972 and opened a year later in 1973. It features raised podia, extensive use of triangular geometric designs and a towering 14-storey concrete structure that cantilevers above a field of open space and mature trees.<ref name="mcClelland_2007">{{cite book |title=Concrete Toronto: A Guidebook to Concrete Architecture from the Fifties to the Seventies |last=McClelland |first=Michael |author2=Stewart, Graeme |author3=E.R.A. Architects |year=2007 |publisher=Coach House Books |isbn=978-1-55245-193-9 |pages=34, 164, 173}}</ref> Sidney Smith Hall is the home to the Faculty of Arts and Science, as well as a few departments within the faculty. The [[Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building]], completed in 2006, exhibits the [[high-tech architecture|high-tech architectural style]] of glass and steel by British architect [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=McKeough |first=Tim |year=2007 |title=The Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building, Toronto |journal=[[Architectural Record]] |issue=May 2007 |url=http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/lighting/archives/0705leslie.asp |access-date=March 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006223352/http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/lighting/archives/0705leslie.asp |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Mississauga ===
{{Main|University of Toronto Mississauga}}

[[File:UTM Crossroads area IMG 6843.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga campus]] is located on 225 acres of protected forest neighbouring Toronto to the west.]]
The University of Toronto maintains a large suburban campus in the city of [[Mississauga]], approximately 33 kilometres southwest of the downtown St. George campus. The Mississauga campus was established in 1967 as Erindale College, one of the university's two colleges located outside of Toronto at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contexts |publisher=University of Toronto Mississauga |url=https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/strategic-framework/contexts}}</ref> Following rapid growth of its student population in the 2000s, the campus became its own [[academic division]] and has since expanded to become the university's second-largest division overall, as well as a hub for business and innovation in the [[Regional Municipality of Peel|Peel Region]] as one of its only university locations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact Sheet, 2022-2023 |publisher=University of Toronto Mississauga |url=https://www.utm.utoronto.ca/about-us/fact-sheet-2022-2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ho |first1=Karen |title=New report says UTM injects $1.3 billion into local and provincial economy |url=https://www.mississauga.com/business/new-report-says-utm-injects-1-3-billion-into-local-and-provincial-economy/article_7cd45229-d149-5aa7-ae86-f56b837e0ad2.html |website=Mississauga.com |date=April 23, 2013 |access-date=August 15, 2025}}</ref> The campus is known for its proximity to nature, located on the bank of the [[Credit River]] on {{convert|225|acre|ha}} of protected forested land. In 2011, the Temerty Faculty of Medicine {{ndash}} in partnership with the [[Trillium Health Partners]] system of hospitals {{ndash}} established the [[Mississauga Academy of Medicine]], one of the academies in its MD Program. The academy is based in the [[Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex]] on the Mississauga campus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Building A Stronger Ontario |url=https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/10809/building-a-stronger-ontario |website=Government of Ontario |publisher=Office of the Premier |access-date=August 15, 2025}}</ref>

=== Scarborough ===
{{Main|University of Toronto Scarborough}}

[[File:Military Trail at Ellesmere Road in Scarborough, June 16 2025.jpg|thumb|The [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough campus]] houses the most extensive [[Cooperative education|co-op]] programs at the university, located in eastern Toronto.]]
The Scarborough campus was opened in 1964 as Scarborough College. It is located on {{convert|300|acre|ha}} in [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]], a suburban eastern district of Toronto. At the time of the campus's founding, Scarborough was an independent [[List of municipalities in Ontario|municipality]] east of Toronto, but has since been amalgamated into the city. The campus established the first [[co-operative education]] in Ontario and continues to be a major provider of co-op for the university, in addition to offering unique double-degree programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Toronto Facts and Figures |publisher=Office of the Vice-President & Principal |year=2009 |url=http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~advancement/about/facts.html |access-date=August 16, 2010 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714033507/http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~advancement/about/facts.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In partnership with the City of Toronto, the university operates the [[Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre]], a sports complex open to students and the public.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto/university-of-torontos-scarborough-campus-to-get-a-major-makeover/article1687850/singlepage/#articlecontent | location=Toronto | work=The Globe and Mail | first=Kelly | last=Grant | title=University of Toronto's Scarborough campus to get a major makeover | date=2010-08-27}}</ref>

=== Other locations ===
In addition to its three main campuses, the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), part of the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]], has maintained a [[satellite campus]] in [[North York]] since 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://www.utias.utoronto.ca/our-story/ |website=University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies |access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref> Additionally, Hart House Farm is a {{convert|150|acre|adj=on}} plot of land in [[Caledon, Ontario]] managed by [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]] since 1949. The farmhouse and its facilities have been used for student recreation and co-curricular activities. Since 2019, the university has explored ways to expand its use as a site for Indigenous students to connect and foster community. The land lies on the territory of the [[Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation]] along the [[Niagara Escarpment]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hart House Farm |url=https://harthouse.ca/spaces/venues/hart-house-farm |website=Hart House |access-date=August 1, 2025}}</ref>

== Organization and administration ==
===Governance===
[[File:Simcoe Hall (University of Toronto) (1).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Simcoe Hall]], which houses the university's central administration and Governing Council.]]
The [[List of chancellors of the University of Toronto|chancellor]], usually a former [[Governor General of Canada|governor general]], [[Lieutenant Governor of Ontario|lieutenant governor]], [[Premier of Ontario|premier]] or diplomat, is the ceremonial head of the university. The [[president of the University of Toronto]] is appointed by the Governing Council as the chief executive of the university. There are numerous vice-presidents that serve on the president's leadership team. Among them, one is cross-appointed as the [[List of provosts of the University of Toronto|university provost]] and two as the principals of the Mississauga campus and Scarborough campus, respectively.<ref name="uoftAct"/>

All three University of Toronto campuses, while separate in location, are part of a single university governed by one [[Academic administration|central administration]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Towards 2030: A Long-term Planning Framework for the University of Toronto |url=https://governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/system/files/import-files/a1002-07iii5560.pdf |access-date=May 31, 2026 |website=University of Toronto Governing Council}}</ref> The University of Toronto Governing Council is the university's [[unicameralism|unicameral]] legislative organ, overseeing general academic, business and institutional affairs with control over the institution's academic divisions, campuses, and constituent colleges. However, its federated colleges and universities (which began as independent institutions) retain significant autonomy, possessing their own governing bodies and [[Financial endowment|financial endowments]].<ref name="uoftAct" />

The Governing Council was established through the ''University of Toronto Act, 1971'', which superseded the standard two-tiered administrative structure for Canadian universities set out by ''The University Act, 1906''.<ref name="uoftAct">{{Cite canlaw |short title= The University of Toronto Act |abbr=S.O. |year=1971 |chapter=56 |section=2, 10, 12 |link=http://www.governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/Assets/Policies/uoftact.pdf |amended1=S.O. 1978 c. 88}}</ref> From 1906 to 1971, the university was governed under a [[bicameralism|bicameral]] system composed of the board of governors and the university senate.<ref name="ross1972">{{cite journal |last=Ross |first=Murray G. |date=April 1972 |title=The dilution of academic power in Canada: The University of Toronto Act |journal=Minerva |publisher=Springer Netherlands |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=242–258 |doi=10.1007/BF01682420 |s2cid=143134795 }}</ref> Based in [[Simcoe Hall]] on the [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]], the Governing Council consists of 50 members, including the president and chancellor as ''ex officio'' members, and the rest elected in groups by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, university alumni, teaching staff, and students. Within the council and executive committee is the Academic Board, which consists of various faculty councils, as well as the Business Board, University Affairs Board, Mississauga Campus Council, and Scarborough Campus Council.<ref name="uoftAct" />

=== Colleges ===
[[File:Trinity College building DSCF8444.jpg|thumb|The quadrangle of [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]]]]
[[File:Sir Daniel Wilson Quadrangle - St. George Campus, Toronto, Canada.jpg|thumb|Sir Daniel Wilson Hall of [[University College, Toronto|University College]]]]
Unlike most North American institutions, the University of Toronto retains a [[collegiate university|collegiate]] system with a model that resembles those of the [[University of Cambridge]] and the [[University of Oxford]] in Britain.<ref name="alexander1906">{{cite book |title=The University of Toronto and Its Colleges, 1827–1906 |last=Alexander |first=William John |year=1906 |publisher=H. H. Langton, The University Library |location=Toronto}}</ref> Its colleges, all located on the historic [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]], range in their level of autonomy over admissions, scholarships, programs and other academic and financial affairs, however most carry the housing and social duties of typical [[residential college]]s.<ref name="uoftAct"/><ref name="alexander1906"/> This model emerged in the 19th century, as ecclesiastical colleges considered various forms of union with the University of Toronto, the provincial university of Ontario, to ensure their viability.<ref name=lang_d.w./> The desire to preserve religious traditions in a secular institution resulted in the federative collegiate system that came to characterize the university.<ref name="alexander1906"/>

Three formerly independent institutions retain their legal status as universities, and are thus known as federated universities. Each of these has a secular undergraduate college which is part of the University of Toronto's [[University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science|Faculty of Arts and Science]] and a graduate faculty of theology affiliated with the [[Toronto School of Theology]].<ref name=outline>{{cite web |title=Outline of the Organization of the University of Toronto |url=https://governingcouncil.utoronto.ca/secretariat/page/outline-organization-university-toronto |website=University of Toronto |date=July 23, 2019 |publisher=Office of the Governing Council |access-date=April 2, 2026}}</ref> The three federated universities are:
*[[University of St. Michael's College]]
*[[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]]
*[[Victoria University, Toronto|Victoria University]]

Several theological colleges are federated within the University of Toronto and grant graduate degrees in divinity through the Toronto School of Theology.<ref name=outline/> These federated colleges are:
{{columns-list|colwidth=19em|
*[[Emmanuel College, Toronto|Emmanuel College]] (within Victoria University)
*[[Knox College, Toronto|Knox College]]
*[[Regis College, Toronto|Regis College]]
*[[Wycliffe College, Toronto|Wycliffe College]]
}}

Apart from the federated colleges and universities, there are four constituent colleges that were created by the University of Toronto for undergraduate students in the Faculty of Arts and Science, and are fully owned and operated by the university.<ref name=outline/> The four constituent colleges are:
{{columns-list|colwidth=19em|
*[[Innis College, Toronto|Innis College]]
*[[New College, Toronto|New College]]
*[[University College, Toronto|University College]]
*[[Woodsworth College, Toronto|Woodsworth College]]
}}

[[Massey College, Toronto|Massey College]] is an independent residential college affiliated with the university that acts as a residence and academic community on the St. George campus for students in the [[University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies|School of Graduate Studies]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |publisher=Massey College |url=https://www.masseycollege.ca/about/ |access-date=June 14, 2025}}</ref>

====History of colleges====
[[University College, Toronto|University College]] was the founding nondenominational college, created in 1853 after the university was secularized. [[Knox College, Toronto|Knox College]], a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] institution, and [[Wycliffe College, Toronto|Wycliffe College]], a [[low church]] seminary, both encouraged their students to study for non-divinity degrees at University College.<ref name="torontoBaptistCollege">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history30.asp |title=What theological college bucked the federation trend with the University of Toronto in 1888? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200540/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history30.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1885, they entered a formal affiliation with the University of Toronto, and became [[Affiliated school|federated schools]] in 1890.<ref name="fraser1995">{{cite book |title=Church, College, and Clergy: A History of Theological Education at Knox College, Toronto, 1844–1994 |last=Fraser |first=Brian J. |year=1995 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |page=126 |isbn=978-0-7735-1351-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wycliffecollege.ca/section.php?aid=4&sid=8 |title=History & Mission |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Wycliffe College, Toronto|Wycliffe College]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228001411/http://www.wycliffecollege.ca/section.php?aid=4&sid=8 |archive-date=December 28, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> The idea of federation initially met strong opposition at [[Victoria University, Toronto|Victoria University]], a [[Methodism|Methodist]] school in [[Cobourg]], but a financial incentive in 1890 convinced the school to join.<ref name="historyQA_victoriaCollege">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history20.asp |title=What small town fought to keep its college from moving to Toronto and federating with U of T? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200538/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history20.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Decades after the death of John Strachan, the [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] seminary [[Trinity College, Toronto|Trinity College]] entered federation in 1904,<ref name="trinityHistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/History/ |title=Historical Background |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Trinity College, Toronto|University of Trinity College]] |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129223627/http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/About_Trinity/History/ |archive-date=January 29, 2009 }}</ref> followed in 1910 by [[University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College]], a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] college founded by the [[Congregation of St. Basil|Basilian Fathers]].<ref name="stMichaelsHistory">{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/about/history.html |title=About St Mike's: Our History |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226012204/http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/about/history.html |archive-date=February 26, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among the institutions that had considered federation but ultimately remained independent were [[McMaster University]], a [[Baptism|Baptist]] school that later moved to [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]],<ref name="torontoBaptistCollege"/> and Queen's College, a [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] school in [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]] that later became [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/History/genhist.html |title=History: Campus & People |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202130/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/History/genhist.html |archive-date=July 6, 2011 }}</ref>

The post-war era saw the creation of [[New College, Toronto|New College]] in 1962, [[Innis College, Toronto|Innis College]] and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough College]] in 1964, [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Erindale College]] in 1967 and [[Woodsworth College, Toronto|Woodsworth College]] in 1974, all of them nondenominational and part of the Faculty of Arts and Science.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newcollege.utoronto.ca/aboutnew/intro.htm |title=Introduction to New College |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=New College, University of Toronto |year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221183737/http://www.newcollege.utoronto.ca/aboutnew/intro.htm |archive-date=February 21, 2009 }} {{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/innis/about.htm |title=About Innis College |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=Innis College, University of Toronto |year=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210103929/http://www.utoronto.ca/innis/about.htm |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=http://www.wdw.utoronto.ca/index.php/about_wdw/mission_history/ |title=Mission and History |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=Woodsworth College, University of Toronto |year=2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124192321/http://www.wdw.utoronto.ca/index.php/about_wdw/mission_history/ |archive-date=January 24, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Along with University College, they were the university's constituent colleges, established and funded by the central administration and therefore financially dependent.<ref name=finances>{{Cite book |last1=Riggall |first1=Catherine |title=University of Toronto Financial Report |publisher=Office of the Vice-President, Business Affairs |year=2010 |url=http://www.finance.utoronto.ca/Assets/Finance+Digital+Assets/reports/financial/2010.pdf |access-date=October 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706222109/http://www.finance.utoronto.ca/Assets/Finance+Digital+Assets/reports/financial/2010.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="1974memorandum">{{cite web|title=Funding for the Federated Universities: Policy and Procedures |format=Memorandum |orig-year=1974 |year=1998 |publisher=University of Toronto |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/govcncl/pap/policies/federate.html |access-date=December 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802021935/http://www.utoronto.ca/govcncl/pap/policies/federate.html |archive-date=August 2, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Erindale and Scarborough colleges, in [[Toronto Township, Ontario|Toronto Township]] (now [[Mississauga]]) and [[Scarborough, Ontario|Scarborough]], respectively, were the first to establish their campuses at a distance from the original St. George campus in Toronto. [[Massey College, Toronto|Massey College]] was established in 1963 by the [[Massey Foundation]] as an independent residential college, formally affiliated with the university, exclusively for graduate students.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/massey/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990219124627/http://www.utoronto.ca/massey/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 19, 1999 |title=Massey College |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Massey College, Toronto|Massey College]] |year=2007 }}</ref> [[Regis College, Toronto|Regis College]], a [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] seminary, entered federation with the university in 1979.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://regiscollege.ca/regis/history |title=History of Regis College |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=Regis College |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206074946/http://www.regiscollege.ca/regis/history |archive-date=December 6, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> 

In 1972, Scarborough College separated from the Faculty of Arts and Science to become its own [[academic division]] in control of the curriculum at the university's quickly expanding Scarborough campus, and dropping "college" from its name in favour of "campus" in 1983.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/dgds/history |website=University of Toronto Scarborough |access-date=26 September 2025}}</ref> Erindale College followed suit decades later in 2002, becoming its own academic division anticipating rapid growth in student enrolment when the [[Ontario Academic Credit]] year was phased out in the early 2000s. The two campuses adopted their current names of the [[University of Toronto Scarborough]] and [[University of Toronto Mississauga]], respectively, around 2007 and remain wholly owned divisions of the university.<ref>{{cite news| title = New name sparks class warfare: some profs at Erindale College hate U of T label| first = Tanya| last = Talaga| work = Toronto Star| location = Toronto| date = 23 April 1998| page = A2}}</ref>

In contrast with the constituent colleges, the colleges of Knox, Massey, Regis, St. Michael's, Trinity, Victoria and Wycliffe continue to exist as legally distinct entities, each possessing a separate [[financial endowment]]. While St. Michael's, Trinity and Victoria continue to recognize their religious affiliations and heritage, they have since adopted secular policies of enrolment and teaching in non-divinity subjects.<ref name="1974memorandum"/> Some colleges have, or once had, collegiate structures of their own: [[Emmanuel College, Toronto|Emmanuel College]] is a college of Victoria and [[St. Hilda's College (University of Toronto)|St. Hilda's College]] is part of Trinity;<ref name="trinityHistory"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/Assets/Emmanuel/The+History+of+Victory+University+and+Emmanuel+College.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205103145/http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/Assets/Emmanuel/The+History+of+Victory+University+and+Emmanuel+College.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 5, 2009 |title=The History of Victoria University and Emmanuel College |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=Victoria University |year=2004}}</ref> St. Joseph's College had existed as a college within St. Michael's until it was dissolved in 2006.<ref name="stMichaelsHistory"/> [[Ewart College]] existed as an affiliated college until 1991, when it was merged into Knox College.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.utoronto.ca/knox/pages/About%20Knox/history.htm |title=History |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=Knox College, University of Toronto |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209080017/http://www.utoronto.ca/knox/pages/About%20Knox/history.htm |archive-date=December 9, 2008 }}</ref> Postgraduate theology degrees are conferred by the colleges of Knox, Regis and Wycliffe, along with the divinity faculties within Emmanuel, St. Michael's and Trinity, including joint degrees with the university through the [[Toronto School of Theology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tst.edu/aboutus/members.asp |title=TST Member and Affiliate Schools with Location Information |access-date=December 27, 2008 |publisher=[[Toronto School of Theology]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011033454/http://tst.edu/aboutus/members.asp |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Academics==
===Academic divisions===
{{clear}}
The University of Toronto consists of 19 [[academic division]]s (mostly called "faculties") spanning a range of disciplines at both the [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] and [[Postgraduate education|graduate]] level. There are 14 professional faculties (such as [[University of Toronto Faculty of Law|Law]] and [[University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine|Medicine]]) in addition to the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science|Faculty of Arts and Science]], that are mostly based on the [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]]. The [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]] and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]] campuses each act as their own Arts and Science divisions, and together with the Faculty of Arts and Science comprise the majority of undergraduate education at the university. The schools of [[University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies|Graduate Studies]] and Continuing Studies are unique tri-campus divisions, the former of which is a solely administrative entity that operates in coordination with other faculties and units.<ref name=outline />

<!-- Please do not add new entries to this list. This is a minimal spanning set that should include only the highest-level subdivisions. -->
{|  style="border:1px solid #ddd; background:#fefefe; padding:3px; margin:0; margin:auto;"
|+ style="font-size: 100%" | '''Academic divisions of the University of Toronto'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Academic units |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/academics/academic-units |website=University of Toronto |access-date=September 26, 2025}}</ref>
|-  style="vertical-align:top; font-size:90%;"
| 
*[[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]]
*[[John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design]]
*[[University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science|Faculty of Arts and Science]]
*School of Continuing Studies
*[[University of Toronto Faculty of Dentistry|Faculty of Dentistry]]
*[[University of Toronto School of Graduate Studies|School of Graduate Studies]]
*[[University of Toronto Faculty of Information|Faculty of Information]]
|
*[[Henry N.R. Jackman Faculty of Law]]
*[[Rotman School of Management|Joseph L. Rotman School of Management]]
*[[Temerty Faculty of Medicine]]
*[[University of Toronto Faculty of Music|Faculty of Music]]
*[[Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing|Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing]]
*[[Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy]]
|
*Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education
*[[Dalla Lana School of Public Health]]
*Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work
*[[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]]
*[[University of Toronto Mississauga]]
*[[University of Toronto Scarborough]]
<!-- Please do not add new entries to this list. This is a minimal spanning set that should include only the highest-level subdivisions. -->
|}

[[File:Sandford Fleming Building 2011 Toronto.jpg|thumb|The [[Sandford Fleming]] Building contains offices of the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]].]]
The Faculty of Arts and Science represents over half of students on the [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]], and administers most of the courses in the college system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/main/faculty/arts-science-at-a-glance |title=A&S at a Glance |access-date=November 8, 2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Faculty of Arts & Science |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617171639/http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/main/faculty/arts-science-at-a-glance |archive-date=June 17, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> While the colleges are not entirely responsible for teaching duties, most of them house specialized academic programs and lecture series. Among other subjects, Trinity College is associated with programs in [[international relations]], as are University College with [[Canadian studies]], Victoria College with [[Renaissance studies]], Innis College with [[film studies]] and [[urban studies]], New College with [[gender studies]], Woodsworth College with [[industrial relations]] and St. Michael's College with [[Medieval studies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/Academics/Programs/IR/ |title=International Relations |work=Trinity College Programs |publisher=University of Trinity College |access-date=March 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102230655/http://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/Academics/Programs/IR/ |archive-date=January 2, 2010 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.uc.utoronto.ca/content/view/107/163/ |title=Canadian Studies home |publisher=University College |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403205937/http://www.uc.utoronto.ca/content/view/107/163/ |archive-date=April 3, 2009 }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/vic/renaissance.htm |title=The Renaissance Studies Program |publisher=Victoria College |access-date=March 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307002748/http://www.vicu.utoronto.ca/vic/renaissance.htm |archive-date=March 7, 2009 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/innis/programs.htm |title=Innis Programs |publisher=Innis College |year=2005 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203172113/http://www.utoronto.ca/innis/programs.htm |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.newcollege.utoronto.ca/programs/wgsprogram.htm |title=Women and Gender Studies |publisher=New College |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226085957/http://www.newcollege.utoronto.ca/programs/wgsprogram.htm |archive-date=February 26, 2009 }}; {{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/med/index.html |title=Mediaeval Studies |work=Undergraduate Studies |publisher=University of St. Michael's College |year=2008 |access-date=September 17, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324101759/http://www.utoronto.ca/stmikes/med/index.html |archive-date=March 24, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The faculty teaches undergraduate commerce in collaboration with the [[Rotman School of Management]]. The [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]] is the other major first-entry undergraduate faculty on the St. George campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prospective.utoronto.ca/Viewbook.htm |title=University of Toronto 2009–2010 Viewbook |access-date=January 12, 2009 |publisher=University of Toronto |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110072311/http://www.prospective.utoronto.ca/Viewbook.htm |archive-date=January 10, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The University of Toronto is the birthplace of an influential [[school of thought]] on [[communication theory]] and [[literary criticism]] known as the [[Toronto School of communication theory|Toronto School]].<ref name="alphabetEffect">{{cite book |title=The Alphabet Effect |url=https://archive.org/details/alphabeteffectim00loga |url-access=registration |last=Logan |first=Robert K. |author-link=Robert K. Logan |year=1986 |publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-00993-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/alphabeteffectim00loga/page/22 22]}}</ref><ref name="worldOnPaper">{{cite book |title=The World on Paper: The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading |last=Olson |first=David R. |year=1994 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-57558-4 |page=15}}</ref><ref name="wordIsMightierThanThePen">{{cite journal |last=Murray |first=Oswyn |title=The Word is Mightier than the Pen |journal=[[The Times Literary Supplement]] |volume=4 |issue=498 |page=655}}</ref> Described as "the theory of the primacy of communication in the structuring of human cultures and the structuring of the human mind",<ref name="wordIsMightierThanThePen"/> the school is rooted in the works of [[Eric A. Havelock]] and [[Harold Innis]] and the subsequent contributions of [[Edmund Snow Carpenter]], [[Northrop Frye]] and [[Marshall McLuhan]]. Since 1963, the [[McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology]] of the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Information|Faculty of Information]] has carried the mandate for teaching and advancing the Toronto School.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Mandate |access-date=November 15, 2008 |publisher=[[McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology]] |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/mcluhan/about_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030921091951/http://www.utoronto.ca/mcluhan/about_history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 21, 2003 }}</ref>

Several notable works in arts and humanities are based at the university, including the ''[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]]'' since 1959 and the ''Collected Works of [[Erasmus]]'' since 1969.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/dcb-dbc/dcba/index2.htm |title=Outline of the Project |access-date=January 19, 2009 |work=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]] |year=2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310122320/http://www.utoronto.ca/dcb-dbc/dcba/index2.htm |archive-date=March 10, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Collected works of Erasmus: Vol. 1 – 78 | author=Desiderius Erasmus |year=1969 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto| author-link=Erasmus }}</ref> The ''[[Records of Early English Drama]]'' collects and edits the surviving documentary evidence of dramatic arts in pre-[[Puritans|Puritan]] England,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reed.utoronto.ca/ |title=What is REED? |access-date=January 19, 2009 |work=Records of Early English Drama |publisher=Centre for Research in Early English Drama, University of Toronto |year=2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331102102/http://www.reed.utoronto.ca/ |archive-date=March 31, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> while the ''[[Dictionary of Old English]]'' compiles the early vocabulary of the English language from the [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] period.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.doe.utoronto.ca/ |title=About the Dictionary of Old English |access-date=January 19, 2009 |work=Dictionary of Old English |publisher=Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724221903/https://doe.utoronto.ca/ |archive-date=July 24, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Munk Centre for International Studies.JPG|thumb|The [[Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy]] encompasses programs and research institutes for international relations and public policy.]]
The [[Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy]] encompasses the university's various programs and curricula in international affairs, foreign policy, and [[public policy]]. As the [[Cold War]] heightened, Toronto's [[Slavic studies]] program evolved into an important institution on [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] politics and economics, financed by the [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller]], [[Ford Foundation|Ford]] and [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation|Mellon]] foundations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history47.asp |title=What helped launch Slavic studies as a growth discipline at the University of Toronto? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200542/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history47.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>  The Munk School is also home to the [[G20 Research Group]], which conducts independent monitoring and analysis on the [[G20|Group of Twenty]], and the [[Citizen Lab]], which conducts research on [[Internet censorship]] as a joint founder of the [[OpenNet Initiative]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citizenlab.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Archive&file=index&req=listarticles&se |title=Advanced Research Projects |access-date=November 20, 2008 |publisher=[[Citizen Lab]] |year=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603215153/http://www.citizenlab.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=Archive&file=index&req=listarticles&secid=1 |archive-date=June 3, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://psiphon.ca/ |title=Welcome to Psiphon |access-date=November 20, 2008 |publisher=[[Citizen Lab]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210072137/http://psiphon.ca/ |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> The university operates international offices in Berlin, Hong Kong and [[Siena]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universityrelations.utoronto.ca/ir/relatedWebsites.htm |title=University of Toronto International Centres |access-date=September 1, 2010 |publisher=University of Toronto |year=2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701025957/http://www.universityrelations.utoronto.ca/ir/relatedWebsites.htm |archive-date=July 1, 2010 }}</ref>

The [[Dalla Lana School of Public Health]] is a faculty of the University of Toronto that began as one of the Schools of Hygiene begun by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1927. The School went through a dramatic renaissance after the 2003 [[SARS]] crisis, and it is now Canada's largest public health school, with more than 750 faculty, 800 students, and research and training partnerships with institutions throughout Toronto and the world. With more than $39&nbsp;million in research funding per year, the School supports discovery in global health, [[Health effects of tobacco|tobacco impacts on health]], occupational disease and disability, air pollution, inner city health, circumpolar health, and many other pressing issues in population health.
[[File:Naylor Building, University of Toronto, Canada.jpg|thumb|The Naylor Building contains offices for the university's Department of Medicine.]]
[[File:Health Sciences Complex.jpg|thumb|The [[Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex]] is one of several buildings that host the [[Doctor of Medicine|MD program]].]]
The [[Temerty Faculty of Medicine]] is affiliated with a network of 14 [[teaching hospital]]s known as the [[Toronto Academic Health Science Network]] (TAHSN), providing medical treatment, research and advisory services to patients and clients from Canada and abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.research.utoronto.ca/hospitals/ |title=Hospital Partners |access-date=March 15, 2009 |work=Experience Research |publisher=Office of the Vice-President, Research, University of Toronto |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217100535/http://www.research.utoronto.ca/hospitals/ |archive-date=February 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A core member of the network is [[University Health Network]], itself a specialized federation of [[Toronto General Hospital]], [[Princess Margaret Cancer Centre]], [[Toronto Western Hospital]], and [[Toronto Rehabilitation Institute]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uhn.ca/TGH/ |title=Toronto General Hospital |access-date=November 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005191431/http://www.uhn.ca/tgh/ |archive-date=October 5, 2006 }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.uhn.ca/PMH/ |title=Princess Margaret Hospital |access-date=November 30, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004160423/http://www.uhn.ca/pmh/ |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}; {{cite web |url=http://www.uhn.ca/TWH/ |title=Toronto Western Hospital |access-date=November 30, 2008 |publisher=[[University Health Network]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004160954/http://www.uhn.ca/twh/ |archive-date=October 4, 2006 }}</ref> Physicians in the medical institutes have cross-appointments to faculty and supervisory positions in university departments, and the faculty operates on all three University of Toronto campuses. The [[Rotman School of Management]] developed the discipline and methodology of [[integrative thinking]], upon which the school used to base its curriculum.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rethinking the MBA: Business Education at a Crossroads |author1=Srikant M. Datar |author-link1=Srikant Datar |author2=David A. Garvin |author3=Patrick G. Cullen |year=2010 |publisher=[[Harvard Business Publishing|Harvard Business Press]] |location=Boston |pages=[https://archive.org/details/rethinkingmbabus0000data/page/131 131–136] |isbn=978-1-4221-3164-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/rethinkingmbabus0000data/page/131 }}</ref> Founded in 1887, the [[Henry N.R. Jackman Faculty of Law|Faculty of Law]]'s emphasis on formal teachings of [[Liberal arts education|liberal arts]] and [[legal theory]] was then considered unconventional, but gradually helped shift the country's legal education system away from the apprenticeship model that prevailed until the mid-20th century.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's lawyers, 1797–1997 |last=Moore |first=Christopher |year=1997 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto |pages=237–262 |isbn=978-0-8020-4127-2}}</ref> The [[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] is the [[normal school|teachers college]] of the university, affiliated with its two [[laboratory school]]s, the [[Institute of Child Study]] and the [[University of Toronto Schools]] (a private high school run by the university).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ro.oise.utoronto.ca/BulPage6.htm |title=History and Function of OISE |access-date=March 15, 2009 |work=Graduate Studies in Education Bulletin |publisher=[[Ontario Institute for Studies in Education]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730050719/http://ro.oise.utoronto.ca/BulPage6.htm |archive-date=July 30, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Autonomous institutes at the university include the [[Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics]], the [[Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies]] and the [[Fields Institute]].

===Admissions===
Among the University of Toronto's 19 academic divisions, seven are considered direct-entry (or first-entry) divisions, which offer undergraduate programs for applicants directly from [[high school]] without prior post-secondary education. Such divisions represented 68 per cent of the university's total enrolment in 2024–25.<ref name=enrolment_report_24>{{cite web |title=Enrolment Report 2024-25 |url=https://planningandbudget.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/24-25-Enrolment-Report.pdf |website=University of Toronto |publisher=Planning and Budget Office |date=February 5, 2025}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; width:100%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"
|-
! colspan="14" |Direct-entry divisions of the University of Toronto<ref name=enrolment_report_24/><ref name=facts_figures_students>{{cite web |title=Facts & Figures: Students |url=https://data.utoronto.ca/data-and-reports/facts-and-figures/facts-and-figures-students/ |website=University of Toronto |publisher=Institutional Research and Data Governance |access-date=February 27, 2026}}</ref>
|-
!Campus
| colspan="1" |[[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]]
| colspan="1" |[[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]]
| colspan="5" |[[University of Toronto St. George|St. George]]
|-
! rowspan="2" |Division
| colspan="3" |Arts and Science
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |[[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |[[John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design]]
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education
| colspan="1" rowspan="2" |[[University of Toronto Faculty of Music|Faculty of Music]]
|-
|[[University of Toronto Mississauga|U of T Mississauga]]
|[[University of Toronto Scarborough|U of T Scarborough]]
|[[University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science|Faculty of Arts and Science]]
|-
!2024–25 new enrolment<br />{{small|(# of students)}}
|4,047
|3,821
|7,647
|1,347
|307
|384
|154
|}

In the 2024–25 admissions cycle, the University of Toronto accepted 59,208 undergraduate students to first-entry divisions out of 77,087 applicants, for an acceptance rate of 76.8 per cent. The same year, the university accepted 1,589 undergraduate students to second-entry [[professional degree|professional]] divisions out of 10,108 applicants, for an acceptance rate of 15.7 per cent. Its overall acceptance rate for undergraduate programs was 69.7 per cent.<ref name=facts_figures_students/>

At the graduate level, the university admitted 15,214 students out of 45,221 applicants, for an admission rate of 33.6 per cent in the 2024–25 year.<ref name=facts_figures_students/>

===Library and collections===
{{Main|University of Toronto Libraries}}

[[File:Robarts_Research_Library,_Toronto.jpg|thumb|[[Robarts Library]], a [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] structure on the St. George campus, houses the university's main collection for humanities and social sciences.]]
The [[University of Toronto Libraries]] is the third-largest [[academic library]] system in North America, following those of [[Harvard Library|Harvard]] and [[Yale University Library|Yale]], measured by number of volumes held.<ref name="arl2010-11">{{Cite book |last1=Kyrillidou |first1=Martha |last2=Morris |first2=Shaneka |last3=Roebuck |first3=Gary |title=ARL Statistics 2010–11 |publisher=[[Association of Research Libraries]] |place=Washington, D.C. |year=2012 |url=http://publications.arl.org/ARL-Statistics-2010-2011 |access-date=October 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029230700/http://publications.arl.org/ARL-Statistics-2010-2011 |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Its collections include more than 12 million print books, 1.9&nbsp;million digital books, over 160,000 journal titles, and close to 30,000 metres of archival materials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onesearch.library.utoronto.ca/annualreport/2015|title=Annual Report 2015|date=December 9, 2015|website=onesearch.library.utoronto.ca|language=en|access-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102004611/https://onesearch.library.utoronto.ca/annualreport/2015|archive-date=January 2, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> It consists of 40 libraries across the university's three campuses, the largest being [[Robarts Library]], which holds about five million bound volumes that form the main collection for [[humanities]] and [[social science]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://onesearch.library.utoronto.ca/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406195346/https://onesearch.library.utoronto.ca/about |archive-date=April 6, 2024 |access-date=April 6, 2024 |publisher=University of Toronto Libraries}}</ref> The [[Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library]] constitutes one of the largest repositories of publicly accessible [[Book collecting|rare books]] and [[manuscript]]s. Its collections range from ancient Egyptian [[Papyrus|papyri]] to [[Incunable|incunabula]] and [[Libretto|libretti]];<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/manuscript-holdings.html |title=Index to Collections, Manuscript Collections |access-date=November 15, 2008 |publisher=[[Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012175121/http://library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/manuscript-holdings.html |archive-date=October 12, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> the subjects of focus include British, [[Western literature|Western]] and [[Canadian literature]], [[Aristotle]], [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], the [[Spanish Civil War]], the [[history of science]] and [[history of medicine|medicine]], [[Canadiana]] and the [[history of books]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/book-collections.html |title=Book Collections |access-date=November 15, 2008 |publisher=[[Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422022246/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/fisher/collections/book-collections.html |archive-date=April 22, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library]] has a rare 40,000-volume Chinese collection from the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279) to the [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1911) that was originally held by scholar Mu Xuexun (1880–1929).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://east.library.utoronto.ca/about/history|title=East Asian Library History {{!}} Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library|website=east.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=July 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703153056/https://east.library.utoronto.ca/about/history|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ealuoft.blogspot.com/2010/02/upcoming-exhibition-leaves-of.html|title=Upcoming Exhibition -- Leaves of enchantment, Bones of inspiration: The dawn of Chinese studies in Canada|last=Library|first=Cheng Yu Tung East Asian|date=February 3, 2010|website=Cheng Yu Tung East Asian Library|access-date=July 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703153047/http://ealuoft.blogspot.com/2010/02/upcoming-exhibition-leaves-of.html|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Richard Charles Lee Canada-Hong Kong Library]] has the largest research collection for [[Hong Kong]] and Canada–Hong Kong studies outside of Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hongkong.library.utoronto.ca/about-library|title=About the Library {{!}} Richard Charles Lee Canada-Hong Kong Library|website=hongkong.library.utoronto.ca|access-date=January 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704195129/https://hongkong.library.utoronto.ca/about-library|archive-date=July 4, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The rest of the library collections are dispersed at departmental and faculty libraries in addition to about 1.3&nbsp;million bound volumes the colleges hold.<ref name="libraryStatistics">{{Cite book
 |url=http://www.library.utoronto.ca/library/aboutlibraries/annualreport/2007/complete-report06-07.pdf |title=Annual Statistics: 2006–07 |author=Statistics Commission |publisher=University of Toronto Libraries |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-10-171382-5 |access-date=November 30, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217205154/http://www.library.utoronto.ca/library/aboutlibraries/annualreport/2007/complete-report06-07.pdf |archive-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The university has collaborated with the [[Internet Archive]] since 2005 to [[digitization|digitize]] some of its library holdings.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kesmodel |first=David |author2=Vara, Vauhini |title=Building an Online Library, One Volume at a Time |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=November 9, 2005 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113111987803688478 |access-date=August 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809131348/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB113111987803688478 |archive-date=August 9, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Housed within University College, the University of Toronto Art Centre contains three major art collections. The Malcove Collection is primarily represented by [[Early Christianity|Early Christian]]<!--Don't bypass redirect per [[WP:NOTBROKEN]]--> and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] sculptures, bronzeware, furniture, icons and liturgical items.<ref name="malcove">{{cite web |url=http://www.utac.utoronto.ca/images/Documents/Malcove%20Collection_Object%20List.pdf |title=Malcove Collection Objects List |access-date=December 13, 2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Art Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020043631/http://www.utac.utoronto.ca/images/Documents/Malcove%20Collection_Object%20List.pdf |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> It also includes glassware and stone reliefs from the [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman]] period, and the painting ''Adam and Eve'' by [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], dated from 1538.<ref name="malcove" /> The University of Toronto Collection features [[Contemporary Canadian art|Canadian contemporary art]],<ref name="uoft-ucCollection">{{cite web |url=http://www.utac.utoronto.ca/images/ut%20and%20uc%20collections%20for%20web.pdf |title=University of Toronto and University College Collections |access-date=December 13, 2008 |publisher=University of Toronto Art Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020043442/http://www.utac.utoronto.ca/images/ut%20and%20uc%20collections%20for%20web.pdf |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> while the University College Art Collection holds significant works by the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] and 19th century [[Landscape painting|landscape artists]].<ref name="uoft-ucCollection" />

===Rankings and reputation===
{{Canadian university rankings
| UniName = University of Toronto
| ARWU_W = 26
| ARWU_CAN = 1
| QS_W = 29
| QS_N = 2
| THES_W = 21
| THES_N = 1
| MAC_med = 2
| USNWR_GU = 17
| USNWR_N=1
}}

In the 2022 ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities]]'' (also known as the Shanghai Ranking), the university ranked 22nd in the world and first in Canada.<ref name="USUnivRankings_ARWU_W" /> The 2026 ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' ranked the university 29th in the world, and second in Canada after [[McGill University|McGill]].<ref name=QS /> In 2019, it ranked 11th among the universities around the world by ''[[SCImago Institutions Rankings]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=Higher%20educ.&country=all|title=SCImago Institutions Rankings - Higher Education - All Regions and Countries - 2019 - Overall Rank|website=www.scimagoir.com|access-date=June 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422183813/https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=Higher%20educ.&country=all|archive-date=April 22, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2023 ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' ranked the university 18th in the world, and first in Canada.<ref name="USUnivRankings_THES_W"/> In the Times' 2020 reputational ranking, the publication placed the university 19th in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=U of T rises to 19th globally in Times Higher Education world reputation rankings |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-rises-19th-globally-times-higher-education-world-reputation-rankings |website=University of Toronto |access-date=August 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817003432/https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-rises-19th-globally-times-higher-education-world-reputation-rankings |archive-date=August 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2024–25 ''[[U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking]]'', the university ranked 17th in the world, and first in Canada.<ref name="USNWR Best Global Universities"/> The Canadian-based ''[[Maclean's]]'' magazine ranked the University of Toronto second in their 2022–2023 Medical Doctoral university category.<ref name="Macdoc" /> ''Maclean's'' 2023 university rankings also ranked the University of Toronto first in its reputation survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://education.macleans.ca/education/canadas-best-universities-by-reputation-rankings-2023/|publisher=Rogers Media|work=Maclean's|date=October 7, 2022|access-date=October 17, 2022|title=Canada's best universities by reputation: Rankings 2023|archive-date=October 18, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018003753/https://education.macleans.ca/education/canadas-best-universities-by-reputation-rankings-2023/|url-status=live}}</ref> The university was ranked in spite of having opted out—along with several other universities in Canada—of participating in ''Maclean's'' graduate survey since 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/11-universities-bail-out-of-maclean-s-survey-1.570771|title=11 universities bail out of Maclean's survey|access-date=March 12, 2019|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=April 14, 2006|work=CBC News|archive-date=October 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030152021/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/11-universities-bail-out-of-maclean-s-survey-1.570771|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university's research performance has been noted in several [[bibliometrics|bibliometric]] university rankings, which use [[citation analysis]] to evaluate the [[impact factor|impact]] a university has on academic publications. In 2019, the [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]] ranked the university fourth in the world, and first in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/ByCountry/2019/CA|title=World University Rankings By 2019|publisher=NTU Rankings|year=2019|access-date=July 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708041729/http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/ByCountry/2019/CA|archive-date=July 8, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[University Ranking by Academic Performance]] 2019–2020 rankings placed the university second in the world, and first in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2018/country.php?ccode=CA|title=2018–2019 RANKING BY COUNTRY|publisher=Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University|year=2018|access-date=November 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050258/http://www.urapcenter.org/2018/country.php?ccode=CA|archive-date=November 4, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Along with academic and research-based rankings, the university has also been ranked by publications that evaluate the employment prospects of its graduates. In the ''Times Higher Education's'' 2022 global employability ranking, the university ranked 11th in the world, and first in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 24, 2022|title=Best universities for graduate jobs: Global University Employability Ranking 2022|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-graduate-jobs-global-university-employability-ranking|access-date=June 23, 2022|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|archive-date=October 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011155810/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/best-universities/best-universities-graduate-jobs-global-university-employability-ranking|url-status=live}}</ref> In ''QS's'' 2022 graduate employability ranking, the university ranked 21st in the world, and first in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/employability-rankings/2022|title=Graduate Employability Ranking 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|work=QS Top Universities|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|year=2022|archive-date=October 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005000519/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/employability-rankings/2022|url-status=live}}</ref> In a 2013 employment survey conducted by ''[[The New York Times]]'', the University of Toronto was ranked 14th in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2013/10/28/education/28iht-educlede28-graphic.html|title=Ready for the Job Market?|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 28, 2013|access-date=October 31, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031001520/http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2013/10/28/education/28iht-educlede28-graphic.html|archive-date=October 31, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, University of Toronto Entrepreneurship was ranked the fourth best university-based [[Business incubator|incubator]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pelley |first1=Lauren |title=Ryerson, U of T, York startup launchpads ranked among top university business incubators, accelerators |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/incubator-rankings-1.4550499 |date=February 25, 2018 |website=CBC |access-date=February 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227220421/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/incubator-rankings-1.4550499 |archive-date=February 27, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> in the world by UBI Global<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murray |first1=Andrew |title=REVEALED! The World's Top University-linked Business Incubators & Accelerators 17/18 |url=http://ubi-global.com/revealed-worlds-top-university-linked-business-incubators-accelerators-17-18/ |date=February 22, 2018 |website=UBI Global |access-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906124701/http://ubi-global.com/revealed-worlds-top-university-linked-business-incubators-accelerators-17-18/ |archive-date=September 6, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> in the "World Top Business Incubator – Managed by a University" category.

In 2025, the University of Toronto has been named the most [[Sustainability|sustainable]] university in the world according to [[QS World University Rankings]].<ref>{{cite web |title=QS World University Rankings: Sustainability 2025 |access-date=June 10, 2025 | publisher=QS Top Universities |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/sustainability-rankings}}</ref>

=== Research ===
[[File:AeroVelo Atlas top view.jpg|thumb|The [[AeroVelo Atlas]] won the [[Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition|Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition]] in 2013.]]
Since 1926, the University of Toronto has been a member of the [[Association of American Universities]], a consortium of the leading North American research universities. The university manages by far the largest annual [[Funding of science|research budget]] of any university in Canada with sponsored direct-cost expenditures of $878&nbsp;million in 2010.<ref name="researchInfosource2012">{{cite web |title=Canada's Top 50 Research Universities 2012 |publisher=Research Infosource Inc. |year=2011 |url=http://www.researchinfosource.com/media/2011Top50Listsup.pdf |access-date=April 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324020431/http://www.researchinfosource.com/media/2011Top50Listsup.pdf |archive-date=March 24, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="researchReport2006">{{cite web | last=Challis | first=John R. G. | title=2005–2006 Annual Research Report | publisher=Office of the Vice-President, Research and Associate Provost, University of Toronto | year=2006 | url=http://www.research.utoronto.ca/about/pdf/annualreport_2006.pdf | access-date=November 16, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217205154/http://www.research.utoronto.ca/about/pdf/annualreport_2006.pdf | archive-date=December 17, 2008 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="researchReport2007">{{cite web | title=How U of T Research is Funded | publisher=U of T Research & Innovation | url=http://www.research.utoronto.ca/investment/ | access-date=November 16, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521211251/http://www.research.utoronto.ca/investment/ | archive-date=May 21, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}{{cite web | title=Excellence, Innovation, Leadership - Research at the University of Toronto - By the Numbers | publisher=Office of the Vice-President, Research and Associate Provost, University of Toronto | year=2007 | url=http://www.research.utoronto.ca/about/pdf/annualreport_2007.pdf | access-date=December 19, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221060109/http://www.research.utoronto.ca/about/pdf/annualreport_2007.pdf | archive-date=December 21, 2008 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In 2021, the University of Toronto was named the top research university in Canada by Research Infosource, with a sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of $1,234.278&nbsp;million in 2020.<ref name="reinf">{{cite web |year=2021 |title=Canada's Top 50 Research Universities 2021 |url=https://researchinfosource.com/top-50-research-universities/2021/list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127100807/https://researchinfosource.com/top-50-research-universities/2021/list |archive-date=November 27, 2022 |access-date=January 2, 2023 |publisher=Research Infosource }}</ref> In the same year, the university's faculty averaged a sponsored research income of $446,600, while graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $61,000.<ref name=reinf/> The federal government was the largest source of funding, with grants from the [[Canadian Institutes of Health Research]], the [[Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council]] and the [[Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council]] amounting to about one-third of the research budget. About eight per cent of research funding came from corporations, mostly in the [[healthcare industry]].<ref name="researchReport2007" />

The first practical [[electron microscope]] was built by the physics department in 1938.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/Invent/iow/hillier.html |title=James Hillier |access-date=November 20, 2008 |work=Inventor of the Week |publisher=[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808192011/http://web.mit.edu/Invent/iow/hillier.html |archive-date=August 8, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jeremy |last=Pearce |title=James Hillier, 91, Dies; Co-Developed Electron Microscope |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/22/science/22hillier.html |work=The New York Times |date=January 22, 2007 |access-date=November 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325113042/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/22/science/22hillier.html |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> During World War II, the university developed the [[G-suit]], a life-saving garment worn by Allied fighter plane pilots, later adopted for use by astronauts.<ref name="LydiaDotto">{{cite web | last=Dotto | first=Lydia | title=Canada's Aviation Medicine Pioneers | url=https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/pdf/osm_aviation.pdf |publisher=[[Canadian Space Agency]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217205154/http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/pdf/osm_aviation.pdf |archive-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=live | access-date=April 3, 2025}}</ref> Development of the [[infrared]] [[chemiluminescence]] technique improved analyses of energy behaviours in chemical reactions.<ref>{{cite press release |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1986/press.html |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |date=October 15, 1986 |access-date=November 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226064121/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1986/press.html |archive-date=December 26, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1963, the asteroid [[2104 Toronto]] is discovered in the [[David Dunlap Observatory]] in [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] and is named after the university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rasc.ca/education/asteroids.shtml |publisher=The Royal Astronomy Society of Canada |title=Canadian Asteroids |date=July 22, 2008 |access-date=January 19, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201061551/http://www.rasc.ca/education/asteroids.shtml |archive-date=February 1, 2009 }}</ref> In 1972, studies on [[Cygnus X-1]] led to the publication of the first observational evidence proving the existence of [[black hole]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Bolton | first=C.T. | year=1972 | title=Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868 | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume=235 | issue=2 | pages=271–273 | doi=10.1038/235271b0 | bibcode=1972Natur.235..271B| s2cid=4222070 }}</ref> Toronto astronomers have also discovered the [[Uranus|Uranian]] moons of [[Caliban (moon)|Caliban]] and [[Sycorax (moon)|Sycorax]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/11/971101095629.htm |title=Two New Moons Of Uranus Discovered |access-date=November 20, 2008 |website=[[ScienceDaily]] |date=November 1, 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217025440/http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/11/971101095629.htm |archive-date=December 17, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[dwarf galaxy|dwarf galaxies]] of [[Andromeda I]], [[Andromeda II|II]] and [[Andromeda III|III]], and the [[supernova]] [[SN 1987A]]. A pioneer in computing technology, the university designed and built [[UTEC]], one of the world's first operational computers, and later purchased ''Ferut'', the second commercial computer after [[UNIVAC I]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Williams |first=Michael R. |year=1994 |title=UTEC and Ferut: The University of Toronto's Computation Centre |journal=[[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |url=http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~williams/History_web_site/World%20map%20first%20page/Canada/a2004.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040713213420/http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~williams/History_web_site/World%20map%20first%20page/Canada/a2004.pdf |archive-date=July 13, 2004 |access-date=November 17, 2008 |doi=10.1109/85.279226 |page=4 |s2cid=6578557 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[AlexNet]], regarded as the first widely recognized application of deep convolutional networks in large-scale visual recognition, was developed at the university.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krizhevsky |first1=Alex |last2=Sutskever |first2=Ilya |last3=Hinton |first3=Geoffrey E. |date=May 24, 2017 |title=ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3065386 |journal=Communications of the ACM |language=en |volume=60 |issue=6 |pages=84–90 |doi=10.1145/3065386 |issn=0001-0782}}</ref> [[Multi-touch]] technology was developed at Toronto, with applications ranging from [[Mobile device|handheld devices]] to high-end [[Graphics tablet#Embedded LCD tablets|drawing monitors]] to [[Multi-Touch Collaboration Wall|collaboration walls]].<ref name="NimishMehta">{{cite thesis |last=Mehta |first=Nimish |date=1982 |title=A Flexible Machine Interface|degree=M.A.Sc. |publisher=Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billbuxton.com/multitouchOverview.html |title=Multi-Touch Systems that I Have Known and Loved |access-date=November 18, 2008 |last=Buxton |first=Bill |author-link=Bill Buxton |date=August 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612204008/http://www.billbuxton.com/multitouchOverview.html |archive-date=June 12, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[AeroVelo Atlas]], which won the [[Igor I. Sikorsky Human Powered Helicopter Competition]] in 2013, was developed by the university's team of students and graduates and was tested in [[Vaughan]].

==== Biological breakthroughs ====
[[File:Humanstemcell.JPG|thumb|The discovery of [[stem cell]]s by [[Ernest McCulloch|McCulloch]] and [[James Till|Till]] is the basis for all modern stem cell research.]]
The discovery of [[insulin]] at the University of Toronto by Banting and Best in 1921 is considered among the most significant events in the [[history of medicine]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |first=Lawrence K. |last=Altman |title=The Tumultuous Discovery of Insulin: Finally, Hidden Story Is Told |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E1D71238F937A2575AC0A964948260&sec=health&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |work=The New York Times |date=September 14, 1982 |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527150615/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/14/science/the-tumultuous-discovery-of-insulin-finally-hidden-story-is-told.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Diabetes: From Research to Diagnosis and Treatment |chapter=Insulin analogues and the treatment of diabetes |last=Cheng |first=Alice Y.Y. |author2=Zinman, Bernard |year=2002 |publisher=Informa Health Care |isbn=978-1-84184-151-9}}</ref> The [[stem cell]] was discovered at the university in 1963, forming the basis for [[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation|bone marrow transplantation]] and all subsequent research on [[adult stem cell|adult]] and [[embryonic stem cell]]s.<ref>{{cite news |first=Evelyn |last=Strauss |title=2005 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award |url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2005_b_description.htm |publisher=[[Lasker Award|Lasker Foundation]] |year=2005 |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716192333/http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/2005_b_description.htm |archive-date=July 16, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was the first of many findings at Toronto relating to stem cells, including the identification of [[Pancreas|pancreatic]] and [[retina]]l stem cells.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Seaberg |first=Raewyn M.|author2=Smukler, Simon R.|author3=Kieffer, Timothy J.|author4=Enikolopov, Grigori |author5=Asghar, Zeenat |author6=Wheeler, Michael B.|author7=Korbutt, Gregory |author8= van der Kooy, Derek |date=August 22, 2004 |title=Clonal identification of multipotent precursors from adult mouse pancreas that generate neural and pancreatic lineages |journal=[[Nature Biotechnology]] |volume=22 |pages=1115–1124 |doi=10.1038/nbt1004 |pmid=15322557 |issue=9|s2cid=24176019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Tropepe |first=V. |author2=Coles, B.L. |author3=Chiasson, B.J. |author4=Horsford, D.J. |author5=Elia, A.J. |author6=McInnes, R.R. |author7= van der Kooy, D. |date=March 2000 |title=Retinal stem cells in the adult mammalian eye |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=287 |issue=5460 |pages=2032–6 |doi=10.1126/science.287.5460.2032 |pmid=10720333|bibcode = 2000Sci...287.2032T }}</ref> The [[cancer stem cell]] was first identified in 1997 by Toronto researchers,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Park |first=Alice |date=April 17, 2006 |title=Stem Cells That Kill |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |volume=167 |issue=17 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1184084-1,00.html?iid=perma_share |access-date=December 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026115653/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1184084-1,00.html?iid=perma_share |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who have since found stem cell associations in [[leukemia]], [[Brain tumor|brain tumours]] and [[colorectal cancer]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nicholas |last=Wade |title=Stem Cells May Be Key to Cancer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/health/21canc.html |work=The New York Times |date=February 21, 2006 |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210023602/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/health/21canc.html |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Jessica |last=Berman |title=Researchers Uncover Colon Cancer Stem Cells |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2006-11/2006-11-27-voa2.cfm?CFID=68598768&CFTOKEN=36606810 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20070110135713/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2006-11/2006-11-27-voa2.cfm?renderforprint=1&textonly=1&&CFID=72694834&CFTOKEN=15378993 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 10, 2007 |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=November 27, 2006 |access-date=November 23, 2008}}</ref> Medical inventions developed at Toronto include the [[Glycemic index|glycaemic index]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=D.J. |author-link=David J. Jenkins |year=1981 |title=Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange |journal=American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=34 |pages=362–366 |issn=0002-9165 |pmid=6259925 |issue=3 |display-authors=etal |doi=10.1093/ajcn/34.3.362 |s2cid=4515906 |doi-access=free }}</ref> the infant cereal [[Pablum]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Alan Brown, Pediatrician, 73, One of Developers of Pablum Is Dead |work=The New York Times |date=September 9, 1960 }}</ref> the use of protective [[hypothermia]] in [[open heart surgery]]<ref name="pearce_2005"/> and the first [[artificial cardiac pacemaker]].<ref name="pearce_2005">{{cite news |first=Jeremy |last=Pearce |title=Dr. Wilfred G. Bigelow, 91, A Pioneer in Heart Surgery |work=The New York Times |date=March 31, 2005 |access-date=March 21, 2009 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903EFDD133FF932A05750C0A9639C8B63&sec=&spon= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313023530/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9903EFDD133FF932A05750C0A9639C8B63&sec=&spon= |archive-date=March 13, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first successful [[lung transplantation|single-lung transplant]] was performed at Toronto in 1981, followed by the first [[nerve]] transplant in 1988,<ref>{{cite news |first=Lawrence K. |last=Altman |title=New Direction for Transplants Raises Hopes and Questions |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E1DF163CF931A35756C0A96F958260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=6 |work=The New York Times |date=May 2, 1999 |access-date=November 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218051925/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E1DF163CF931A35756C0A96F958260 |archive-date=December 18, 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the first double-lung transplant in 1989. Researchers identified the [[maturation promoting factor]] that regulates [[cell division]], and discovered the [[T-cell receptor]], which triggers responses of the immune system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding the cell cycle |url=http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/pdf/1998_masui.pdf |publisher=[[Lasker Award|Lasker Foundation]] |date=October 1998 |access-date=February 10, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716191858/http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/pdf/1998_masui.pdf |archive-date=July 16, 2010 }}</ref> The university is credited with isolating the genes that cause [[Fanconi anemia]], [[cystic fibrosis]] and [[early-onset Alzheimer's disease]], among numerous other diseases.<ref>{{cite journal |first=C.A. |last =Strathdee |author2=Gavish, H. |author3=Shannon, W. |author4= Buchwald, M. |year=1992 |title=Cloning of cDNAs for Fanconi's anemia by functional complementation |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=356 |issue=6372 |pages=763–767 |doi=10.1038/356763a0 |pmid=1574115|bibcode = 1992Natur.356..763S |s2cid =4250632 }}</ref> Between 1914 and 1972, the university operated the [[Connaught Medical Research Laboratories]], now part of the pharmaceutical corporation [[Sanofi-Aventis]]. Among the research conducted at the laboratory was the development of [[gel electrophoresis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Oliver Smithies autobiography |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/smithies-autobio.html |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |date=October 8, 2007 |access-date=November 22, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208165534/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/smithies-autobio.html |archive-date=December 8, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Doors Unlocked and Open May 2011.jpg|thumb|The Donnelly Centre is part of the [[Discovery District]], one of the world's largest biotechnology research clusters.]]
The University of Toronto is the primary research presence that supports one of the world's largest concentrations of [[biotechnology]] firms.<ref name="kleiner_2008"/> More than 5,000 [[principal investigator]]s reside within {{convert|2|km|mi}} from the university grounds in Toronto's [[Discovery District]], conducting $1&nbsp;billion of medical research annually.<ref name="kleiner_2008">{{cite journal |last=Kleiner |first=Kurt |date=May 8, 2008 |title=Toronto Rising |journal=Nature |volume=453 |issue=7192 |pages=252–253 |issn=1476-4687 |url=http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2008/080508/pdf/nj7192-252a.pdf |access-date=July 6, 2009 |doi=10.1038/nj7192-252a |pmid=18561361 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219142408/http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2008/080508/pdf/nj7192-252a.pdf |archive-date=February 19, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[MaRS Discovery District]] is a [[research park]] that serves commercial enterprises and the university's [[technology transfer]] ventures. In 2008, the university disclosed 159 inventions and had 114 active start-up companies.<ref name=factsandfigures /> Its [[SciNet Consortium]] operates the most powerful [[supercomputer]] in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |first=Omar |last=El Akkad |title=Canada's monster computer roars to life |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/canadas-monster-computer-roars-to-life/article1186431/ |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=June 20, 2009 |access-date=July 6, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619160637/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/canadas-monster-computer-roars-to-life/article1186431/ |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Culture and student life==
[[File:Toronto - ON - Hart House.jpg|thumb|Generations of students have attended speeches, debates and concerts at [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]].]]
A notable hub for social, cultural and recreational activities at the University of Toronto is [[Hart House (University of Toronto)|Hart House]], a [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic]] [[Student center|student activity centre]] on the [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]] that was initiated and financed by alumnus-benefactor [[Vincent Massey]] and named for his grandfather [[Hart Massey|Hart]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=McGregor |first=Nancy |author2=Wardrop, Patricia |author3=Winters, Kenneth |title=Hart House |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Music in Canada |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hart-house-emc |access-date=August 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609040909/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hart-house-emc |archive-date=June 9, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Opened in 1919, the complex aimed to establish a communitarian student culture in the university and its students, who at the time kept largely within their own colleges under the decentralized collegiate system.<ref name="faught_house">{{cite journal |last=Faught |first=Brad |year=1999 |title=The House Is Where the Heart Is |journal=University of Toronto Magazine |issue=Autumn 1999 |url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/99autumn/f01.htm |access-date=February 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813065609/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/99autumn/f01.htm |archive-date=August 13, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  The Hart House offers a range of services and facilities, including a library, restaurants, barbershops,<ref name=hair_place_hart_house>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Gord|title=Hart House Hair clips along for 90 years|url=http://thenewspaper.ca/the-inside/item/63-hart-house-hair-clips-along-for-90-years|access-date=November 15, 2012|newspaper=the newspaper|date=November 12, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130115131104/http://thenewspaper.ca/the-inside/item/63-hart-house-hair-clips-along-for-90-years|archive-date=January 15, 2013}}</ref> an [[Art Museum at the University of Toronto|art museum]], a theatre, concerts, debates, study spaces, and a swimming pool. The confluence of assorted functions is the result of an effort to create a holistic educational experience, a goal summarized in the Founders' Prayer.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Founders' Prayer |url=http://www.harthouse.utoronto.ca/hh/page.php?id=ABT10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071122045541/http://harthouse.utoronto.ca/hh/page.php?id=ABT10 |archive-date=November 22, 2007 |access-date=February 28, 2009 |publisher=Hart House}} "... discover within its walls true education that is to be found within good fellowship, in friendly disputation and debate, in the conversation of wise and earnest men, in music, pictures and the play, in the casual book, in sports and games and the mastery of the body".</ref><ref name="faught_house"/> The Hart House model was influential in the planning of student centres at other universities, notably [[Cornell University]]'s [[Willard Straight Hall]] in [[Ithaca, New York]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dos.cornell.edu/dos/straight/ |title=Willard Straight Hall Student Union |access-date=February 28, 2009 |publisher=Office of the Dean of Students, Cornell University |year=2009 |quote=As one of the United States first college unions, this Gothic structure was modeled after Hart House at the University of Toronto. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908020434/http://dos.cornell.edu/dos/straight/ |archive-date=September 8, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1089694800 |title=Question 9 |access-date=February 28, 2009 |work=Dear Uncle Ezra |publisher=Cornell University |quote=The room itself is modeled after the University of Toronto's Hart House, the student union at U of T. The Memorial Room is a smaller version of the Great Hall in Hart House, which is about 3 times the size of the Straight and includes a large wing devoted to athletics. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623151008/http://ezra.cornell.edu/posting.php?timestamp=1089694800 |archive-date=June 23, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Hart House resembles some traditional aspects of student representation through its financial support of student clubs, and its standing committees and board of stewards that are composed mostly of undergraduate students. However, administrative and policy issues are mostly handled by the many [[students' union]]s that exist at each of the three campuses, along with various colleges, academic faculties and departments. There are five main student unions at the University of Toronto, the largest of which is the [[University of Toronto Students' Union]], representing full-time undergraduate students on the [[University of Toronto St. George|St.&nbsp;George campus]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the UTSU |url=https://www.utsu.ca/about-the-utsu/ |website=University of Toronto Students' Union |access-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref> The [[University of Toronto Mississauga Students' Union]] and [[Scarborough Campus Students' Union]] represent full-time undergraduates on the [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga campus]] and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough campus]] respectively,<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://utmsu.ca/about-us/ |website=University of Toronto Mississauga Students' Union |access-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What We're About |url=https://www.scsu.ca/aboutus |website=Scarborough Campus Students' Union |access-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref> and graduates and part-time undergraduate students at all three campuses are represented by the Graduate Students' Union and Association of Part-time Undergraduate Students at the University of Toronto, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://apus.ca/who-we-are/ |website=Association of Part-time Undergraduate Students |access-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://utgsu.ca/about/ |website=University of Toronto Graduate Students' Union |access-date=October 4, 2025}}</ref>

The Hart House Debating Club employs a [[Debate|debating]] style that combines the American emphasis on [[analysis]] and the British use of [[wit]].<ref name="webb_fightingWords">{{cite journal |last=Webb |first=Margaret |year=2003 |title=Fighting Words |journal=University of Toronto Magazine |issue=Summer 2003 |url=http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/03summer/fighting.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101072908/http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/03summer/fighting.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 1, 2013 |access-date=February 28, 2009 }}</ref> Smaller debating societies at Trinity, University and Victoria College have served as initial training grounds for debaters who later progress to Hart House.<ref name="webb_fightingWords"/> The club won the [[World Universities Debating Championship]] in 1981 and 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flynn.debating.net/Colmmain_2006.htm |title=Dublin Worlds 2006 |last=Flynn |first=Colm |work=World Debate Website |year=2006 |access-date=September 24, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927061446/http://flynn.debating.net/Colmmain_2006.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> The North American Model United Nations (NAMUN) hosts an annual [[Model United Nations]] conference on campus, while the United Nations Society participates in various North American and international conferences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utmun.org/ |title=UTMUN |access-date=April 28, 2011 |publisher=University of Toronto Model United Nations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728151513/http://www.utmun.org/ |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unsoc.org/ |title=United Nations Society |access-date=March 11, 2010 |publisher=United Nations Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121045808/http://www.unsoc.org/ |archive-date=January 21, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Toronto chess team has captured the top title six times at the [[Pan American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship]]. The [[Formula SAE]] Racing Team won the Formula Student European Championships in 2003, 2005 and 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin6/060717-2449.asp |last=Weinstock |first=Ruth |title=U of T Formula SAE team races to international victory |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |date=July 16, 2006 |access-date=September 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922045712/http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin6/060717-2449.asp |archive-date=September 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The University of Toronto also has an annual student-run tradition, the University of Toronto [[Aphrodite Project]], where thousands of students complete a psychology questionnaire and are matched with their best algorithmic match on campus for [[Valentine's Day]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lam |first1=Adam |last2=Pereira |first2=Ana |date=July 7, 2020 |title=How a matchmaking algorithm paired up thousands of hopeless U of T romantics |url=https://thevarsity.ca/2020/07/06/how-a-matchmaking-algorithm-paired-up-thousands-of-hopeless-u-of-t-romantics/ |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=The Varsity |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Graduation years===
An informal tradition at the University of Toronto is for students (especially those in the [[University of Toronto Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering|Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering]]) to write their year of graduation as its last two digits with a capital letter "T" between them. For example, a graduate of the class of 1976 is denoted as "7T6". When pronounced, "seven-tee-six" is meant to sound like "seventy-six".<ref>{{cite web |title=Traditions |url=https://discover.engineering.utoronto.ca/student-life/traditions/ |website=Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto |access-date=May 4, 2026}}</ref>

===Greek life===
The University of Toronto is home to the first [[Fraternities and sororities in Canada|collegiate fraternity in Canada]], [[Zeta Psi]], whose Toronto chapter has been active since 1879.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zetapsi.org/about/history/1864/ |title=Breaking New Ground |access-date=February 28, 2009 |work=The History of Zeta Psi |publisher=Zeta Psi Fraternity of North America |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930231605/http://www.zetapsi.org/about/history/1864/ |archive-date=September 30, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> Today, there are many further fraternity and sorority chapters at the St. George campus and some at the Scarborough campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiangreeks.com/directory/uoft.html |title=Directory of Fraternities and Sororities |access-date=February 28, 2009 |publisher=Canadians Go Greek! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220180801/http://canadiangreeks.com/directory/uoft.html |archive-date=February 20, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deltaphinutoronto.wix.com/blueandtrue|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213025746/http://deltaphinutoronto.wix.com/blueandtrue|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2014|title=Delta Phi Nu Toronto}}</ref>

===Theatre and music===
[[File:Skule Choir imgp8938.jpg|thumb|Sunlight fills [[Knox College, Toronto|Knox College Chapel]] during a Christmas concert of the engineering faculty's Skule Choir.]]
[[File:MiST stage.jpg|thumb|The Multimedia Studio Theatre (MiST).]]
[[Hart House Theatre]] is the university's student [[amateur theatre]], generally producing four major plays every season. As old as Hart House itself, the theatre is considered a pioneer in [[Theatre of Canada|Canadian theatre]] for introducing the [[Little Theatre Movement]] from Europe.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Cambridge Guide to Theatre |last=Banham |first=Martin |year=1995 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-0-521-43437-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/161 161] |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/161 |access-date=August 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111015355/https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/161 |archive-date=January 11, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The History of North American Theater |last=Londré |first=Felicia Hardison |author2=Watermeier, Daniel J. |year=1998 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-8264-1079-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofnortham0000lond/page/353 353] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofnortham0000lond/page/353 }}</ref> It has cultivated numerous performing-arts talents, including [[Donald Sutherland]], [[Lorne Michaels]], [[Wayne and Shuster]] and [[William Hutt (actor)|William Hutt]]. Three members of the [[Group of Seven (artists)|Group of Seven]] painters ([[Lawren Harris|Harris]], [[Arthur Lismer|Lismer]] and [[J. E. H. MacDonald|MacDonald]]) have been set designers at the theatre,<ref name="hhtheatre"/> and composer [[Healey Willan]] was director of music for 14 productions.<ref name="hhtheatre">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history50.asp |title=What university theatre was the centre of the cultural universe (okay, in Toronto)? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502135742/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history50.asp |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The theatre also hosts annual variety shows run by several student theatrical companies at the colleges and academic faculties, the most prominent of which are ''U.C. Follies'' of University College, ''Skule Nite'' of the Faculty of Engineering, and ''Daffydil'' of the Faculty of Medicine, the latter in its 100th year of production in 2010–2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daffydil.sa.utoronto.ca/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20111015003625/http://daffydil.sa.utoronto.ca/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 15, 2011 |title=Internuts |access-date=February 25, 2009 |work=Daffydil 2009 |publisher=University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine |year=2009 }}</ref>

The main musical ensembles at Hart House are the orchestra, the chamber strings, the chorus, the jazz choir, the jazz ensemble and the symphonic band. The ''Jazz at Oscar's'' concert series performs [[big band]] and [[vocal jazz]] on Friday nights at the period lounge and bar of the Hart House Arbor Room.<ref>{{cite journal |date=March 2003 |title=Kicks for free: bargain activities |journal=[[Toronto Life]] |publisher=St. Joseph Communications |location=Toronto |issn=0049-4194 }}</ref> ''Open Stage'' is the monthly [[open mic]] event for singers, comics, poets, and storytellers. The Sunday Concert is the oldest musical series at Hart House; since 1922, the series has performed more than 600 free classical music concerts in the Great Hall.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rupert M. K. Schieder 1915–2008 |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=September 5, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harthousemusic.com/viewseries.php?SUN |title=Sunday Concert |access-date=February 25, 2009 |publisher=Hart House Music Committee |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108040805/http://www.harthousemusic.com/viewseries.php?SUN |archive-date=January 8, 2009 }}</ref>

===Student media===
[[File:Sussex Court.JPG|thumb|upright|21 Sussex Court holds office space for several student organizations, like ''[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]'' newspaper.]]
''[[The Varsity (newspaper)|The Varsity]]'' is one of Canada's oldest student-run newspapers, in publication since 1880.<ref name="historyQA_women"/> The paper was originally a daily broadsheet, but has since adopted a compact format and is now weekly during the Fall and Winter semesters. It publishes online in the summer. ''[[Hart House Review]]'', a [[literary magazine]], publishes prose, poetry, and visual art from emerging Canadian writers and artists. ''[[The Medium (University of Toronto Mississauga)|The Medium]]'' is the newspaper of the Mississauga campus as a successor to ''The Erindalian'' and [[CKC455|CFRE]] is the campus's [[campus radio|radio station]]. [[CIUT-FM]] is the St. George campus radio station, while the University of Toronto Television broadcasts student-produced content. Students at each campus, college and academic faculty also produce their own set of journals and news publications. University College's ''[[The Gargoyle (newspaper)|The Gargoyle]]'' was an early training ground for such notables as journalist and author [[Naomi Klein]] and musician/comedian [[Paul Shaffer]]. Victoria University's ''[[Acta Victoriana]]'' is the oldest active literary journal in Canada, and provided first publication credits to such literary figures as [[Margaret Atwood]] and [[Northrop Frye]]. ''[[Juxtaposition Magazine|Juxtaposition Global Health Magazine]]'' is another peer-reviewed student publication at the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guides.library.utoronto.ca/student_journals/journal-directory|title=Student Journal Publishing|publisher=University of Toronto|access-date=September 21, 2019|website=utoronto.ca|date=May 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921103839/https://guides.library.utoronto.ca/student_journals/journal-directory|archive-date=September 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Members of the student press have contributed to activist causes on several notable occasions. At the height of debate on coeducation in 1880, ''The Varsity'' published an article in its inaugural issue voicing in favour of admitting women.<ref name="historyQA_women"/> In 1895, the university suspended the editor of ''The Varsity'' for breach of collegiality, after he published a letter that harshly criticized the provincial government's dismissal of a professor and involvement in academic affairs. University College students then approved a motion by ''Varsity'' staff member and future [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] and boycotted lectures for a week.<ref name="historyQA_king">{{cite web |url=http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history17.asp |title=What made the "blood fairly boil" in U of T student and future prime minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in 1895? |access-date=April 20, 2019 |work=History Q & A |publisher=University of Toronto Department of Public Affairs |year=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200555/http://www.greatpast.utoronto.ca/bios/history17.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7908&&PHPSESSID=uhlbmjtm0fc5n5ibvqbk5ipp75 |title=Dale, William |access-date=February 28, 2009 |last=Marshall |first=David B. |work=[[Dictionary of Canadian Biography]] |year=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914074426/http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7908&&PHPSESSID=uhlbmjtm0fc5n5ibvqbk5ipp75 |archive-date=September 14, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> After Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] [[LGBT rights in Canada|decriminalized homosexuality throughout Canada in 1969]], a medical research assistant placed an advertisement in ''The Varsity'' seeking volunteers to establish the [[University of Toronto Homophile Association]], the first [[LGBTQ people|LGBTQ]] student association in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bébout |first=Rick |author-link=Rick Bébout |date=January 2000 |title=Conception & birth |url=http://www.rbebout.com/oldbeep/concep.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118200842/http://www.rbebout.com/oldbeep/concep.htm |archive-date=November 18, 2008 |access-date=February 28, 2009 |work=On the Origins of the Body Politic}}</ref>

===Residences===
[[File:Teefy Hall.JPG|right|thumb|Teefy House, a residence hall of [[University of St. Michael's College|St. Michael's College]], is home to female first-year undergraduate students.]]
The St. George campus has 14 residences which accommodate approximately 6,400 students in all. The university guarantees housing only for undergraduates in their first year of study, while most upper-year and graduate students reside off-campus. The Mississauga and Scarborough campuses have space for 1500 students each, however this is set to increase with plans to build more student housing on all three campuses.<ref name="factsandfigures" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Residence Guarantee |url=http://www.housing.utoronto.ca/residence/firstYear.html |publisher=Student Housing Service, University of Toronto |year=2008 |access-date=March 29, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805003623/http://housing.utoronto.ca/residence/firstYear.html |archive-date=August 5, 2009 }}</ref> Traditionally, the adjacent neighbourhoods of [[The Annex]] to the north and [[Harbord Village]] to the west are popular settling grounds for St. George students, forming a distinct [[student quarter]] enclave,<ref>{{cite book |title=The New Middle Class and the Remaking of the Central City |last=Ley |first=David |year=1996 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-823292-6 |page=182}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Schackner |title=For collegians in Canada, drinking is no big thing |work=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |date=July 8, 2007 |access-date=March 29, 2009 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07189/800188-51.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403080654/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07189/800188-51.stm |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> though [[Chinatown, Toronto|Chinatown]] and [[Kensington Market]], both to the south of the university, are increasingly populated by students.

===Demographics===
{{see also|University of Toronto St. George#Demographics|University of Toronto Mississauga#Demographics|University of Toronto Scarborough#Demographics}}
The University of Toronto has the most students of any Canadian [[Higher education in Canada|post-secondary institution]]. Total enrolment across the university's three campuses surpassed 100,000 students for the first time in 2024. The University of Toronto is known for having a high enrolment of international students compared to other Canadian universities. It planned to grow its international enrolment to 20.1 per cent by 2021–2022. In 2017, the University of Toronto enrolled more international students than any other Canadian post-secondary institution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/international-students-jump-1.4268786|title=Foreign students flock to Canada as government struggles to get grads to stay|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=September 3, 2017|access-date=March 4, 2018|work=CBCNews|last=Harris|first=Kathleen|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301132652/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/international-students-jump-1.4268786|archive-date=March 1, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/education/surge-in-foreign-postsecondary-applicants-puts-canadian-schools-balancing-act-to-test/article36415233/|title=Climbing number of foreign students puts B.C. university's cap system to the test|date=September 27, 2017|access-date=March 4, 2018|work=The Globe and Mail|last=Xu|first=Xiao|publisher=The Woodbridge Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111015414/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/education/surge-in-foreign-postsecondary-applicants-puts-canadian-schools-balancing-act-to-test/article36415233/|archive-date=January 11, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024–2025, international students comprised 28.8 per cent of its student body.

{| style="text-align:center; float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:2em; margin:10px" class="wikitable"
|+ Student Demographics (2024–25)<ref name=quickfacts/>
! !! Undergraduate !! Graduate
|-
! [[Men]]
| 43.5% || 39.7%
|-
! [[Women]]
| 53.6% || 59.1%
|-
! [[Third gender|Other gender]]<br />or unreported
| 2.8% || 1.2%
|-
! [[Education in Canada|Canadian student]]
| 70.7% || 73.1%
|-
! [[International student]]
| 29.3% || 26.9%
|}

In 2001–2002, the overall gender ratio was about 57.1 per cent women to 42.9 per cent men for enrolled students, or about 15 men for every 20 women.<ref name="uot_facts2012">{{cite web |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/about/Facts_Figures_2012/UofT_2012_FactFiguresReport4832.pdf |title=Facts & Figures 2012 |author=Xuelun Liang |date=2012 |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=October 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211231129/https://www.utoronto.ca/sites/default/files/about/Facts_Figures_2012/UofT_2012_FactFiguresReport4832.pdf |archive-date=December 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> This gender gap has closed slightly over time to 54.8 per cent of students who identified as women, 42.7 per cent men, and 2.5 per cent [[Third gender|another gender]] or unreported in 2024–2025.<ref name=students_data>{{cite web |title=Facts & Figures: Students |url=https://data.utoronto.ca/data-and-reports/facts-and-figures/facts-and-figures-students/ |website=University of Toronto Institutional Research and Data Governance |access-date=July 25, 2025}}</ref> This gap is more pronounced in graduation rates, with 59 per cent of degrees conferred on women.<ref name="uot_facts2012" />

The overall average of high school grades for first-year students was about 86 per cent for fall 2014.<ref name="cudo2015">{{cite web |url=http://cudo.utoronto.ca/2015/ |title=Common University Data Ontario 2015 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2015 |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=October 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108160841/http://cudo.utoronto.ca/2015/ |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The retention rate was 92.1 per cent.

Regarding courses of study, in 2024–2025, 28.1 per cent of students from all three campuses were enrolled in biology, engineering, or mathematics and physical sciences, while 25.2 per cent were enrolled in social sciences or humanities. General arts and science education accounted for 14.9 per cent of total enrolment. Health professions was 13.0 per cent, education 5.1 per cent, and fine arts was 2.4 per cent.<ref name=students_data/>

===Campus suicides===
The University of Toronto has faced significant criticism of its handling of student suicides and [[Mental health in education|students' mental health problems]].<ref name="Buckley2021">{{cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Charlie |last2=Fiaoni |first2=Giulia |title=Anatomy of a campus mental health crisis |url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/03/17/investigations/anatomy-campus-mental-health-crisis |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=Canada's National Observer |date=March 17, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111192453/https://www.nationalobserver.com/2021/03/17/investigations/anatomy-campus-mental-health-crisis |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lorinc2019">{{cite news |last1=Lorinc |first1=Jacob |title=In wake of campus suicides, U of T students push for easier access to mental-health help |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/09/25/u-of-t-students-push-for-easier-access-to-mental-health-help.html |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[Toronto Star]] |date=September 25, 2019 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111192435/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2019/09/25/u-of-t-students-push-for-easier-access-to-mental-health-help.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mancini2019">{{cite news |last1=Mancini |first1=Melissa |last2=Roumeliotis |first2=Ioanna |title='It's literally life or death': Students say University of Toronto dragging feet on mental health services |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/student-suicides-mental-health-support-1.5363242 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=November 20, 2019 |archive-date=May 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527182238/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/student-suicides-mental-health-support-1.5363242 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2017 to 2019, four students committed suicide at the school, three of them in the [[Bahen Centre for Information Technology]] by jumping off from the higher floors.<ref name="Mancini2019"/> Student advocacy groups have said that the university contributed to the suicides by failing to provide mental health resources, with computer science student Shahin Imtiaz saying in an interview that "the university has turned into a pressure-cooker of intense demands, without the resources to meet the student needs to back it up."<ref name="Mancini2019"/> While the university does not generally acknowledge student deaths as suicides,<ref name="Nasser2019">{{cite news |last1=Nasser |first1=Shanifa |title='It doesn't feel human': Students angry U of T not acknowledging campus suicides |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/university-toronto-suicide-campus-1.5061809 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=March 18, 2019 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111192435/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/university-toronto-suicide-campus-1.5061809 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cbc2019">{{cite news |title=U of T open to ideas for better student supports after suicide, president says |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/university-of-toronto-meric-gertler-open-suggestions-students-1.5063901 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=March 20, 2019 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111192443/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/university-of-toronto-meric-gertler-open-suggestions-students-1.5063901 |url-status=live }}</ref> the university responded to the deaths by adding additional safety barriers to the Bahen Centre in 2021<ref name="Thompson2019">{{cite news |last1=Thompson |first1=Nicole |title=U of T installs barriers in building where student died by suicide |url=https://www.cp24.com/news/u-of-t-installs-barriers-in-building-where-student-died-by-suicide-1.4617413 |access-date=November 11, 2021 |work=[[CP24]] |agency=The Canadian Press |date=September 30, 2019 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111192436/https://www.cp24.com/news/u-of-t-installs-barriers-in-building-where-student-died-by-suicide-1.4617413 |url-status=live }}</ref> and by promising additional support, adding close to three million dollars in funding for student wellbeing.<ref name="Lorinc2019"/>

==Athletics==
===Varsity sports===
{{main|Toronto Varsity Blues}}

[[File:Varsity_Centre.JPG|thumb|[[Varsity Stadium]] in 2009]]
The 44 sports teams of the [[Toronto Varsity Blues|Varsity Blues]] represent the university in intercollegiate competitions. The two main leagues in which the Blues participate are [[U Sports]] (formerly known as Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS)) for national competitions and the auxiliary [[Ontario University Athletics]] (OUA) conference at the provincial level. The [[athletic nickname]] of Varsity Blues was not consistently used until the 1930s; previously, references such as "Varsity", "The Big Blue", "The Blue and White", "The Varsity Blue" and simply "The Blues" also appeared interchangeably.<ref name="footballMediaGuide2008" /> "[[The Blue and White (song)|The Blue and White]]" is commonly played and sung in athletic games as a [[fight song]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Rebecca Green|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/college-songs-and-songbooks-emc|title=College Songs and Songbooks|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Music in Canada]]|date=December 7, 2013|access-date=August 20, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721190140/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/college-songs-and-songbooks-emc|archive-date=July 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Students from any of the three campuses are eligible to play for the Varsity Blues.<ref>{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions {{!}} Athletics & Recreation |url=https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/athletics/frequently-asked-questions |website=University of Toronto Scarborough |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref>

[[Gridiron football|North American (gridiron) football]] traces its very origin to the University of Toronto with the first documented football game played at University College on November 9, 1861.<ref name="Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession - Mark F. Bernstein - Google Books" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usafootball.com/jwc/tournament/team/canada |title=Canada sets the international standard |access-date=December 13, 2008 |work=IFAF Junior World Championship |publisher=[[USA Football]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219143437/http://www.usafootball.com/jwc/tournament/team/canada |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballcanada.com/history_timeline.asp |title=Canadian Football Timelines (1860–present) |access-date=December 13, 2008 |publisher=[[Football Canada]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329005545/http://www.footballcanada.com/history_timeline.asp |archive-date=March 29, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Toronto Varsity Blues football|Blues]] played their first [[College football|intercollegiate football]] match in 1877 against the [[Michigan Wolverines football|University of Michigan]] in a game that ended with a scoreless draw.<ref name="footballMediaGuide2008">{{cite book | title=Football 2008 Media Guide | publisher=University of Toronto Varsity Blues | year=2008 | url=http://varsityblues.ca.ismmedia.com/ISM2//Football/2008%20UofT%20Football%20Media%20Guide.pdf | access-date=December 13, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205103145/http://varsityblues.ca.ismmedia.com/ISM2//Football/2008%20UofT%20Football%20Media%20Guide.pdf | archive-date=February 5, 2009 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Since intercollegiate seasons began in 1898, the Blues have won four [[Grey Cup]], two [[Vanier Cup]] and 25 [[Yates Cup]] championships, including the inaugural championships for all three trophies.<ref name="footballMediaGuide2008" /> However, the football team has hit a rough patch following its last championship in 1993.<ref>{{cite news |first=Peter |last=Cheney |title=Varsity Blues can't get no respect |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/varsity-blues-cant-get-no-respect/article18138111/ |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=September 13, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420210222/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/varsity-blues-cant-get-no-respect/article18138111/ |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2001 until 2008, the Blues suffered the longest [[losing streak]] in Canadian collegiate history, recording 49 consecutive winless games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Varsity Blues topple Waterloo for first win since 2001 |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/varsity-blues-topple-waterloo-for-first-win-since-2001/article955236/ |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=September 2, 2008 |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200541/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/varsity-blues-topple-waterloo-for-first-win-since-2001/article955236/ |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was preceded by a single victory in 2001 that ended a run of 18 straight losses.<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Ralph |title=Varsity Blues set futility mark |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/varsity-blues-set-futility-mark/article1084712/ |work=Globe and Mail |location=Canada |date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=April 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420200538/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/varsity-blues-set-futility-mark/article1084712/ |archive-date=April 20, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> The site of [[Varsity Stadium]] has served as the primary playing grounds of the Varsity Blues football and [[Toronto Varsity Blues men's soccer|soccer]] programs since 1898.<ref name="friedland_2002"/> It also served as the venue for [[Archery at the 2015 Pan American Games|archery]] during the [[2015 Pan American Games]].
[[File:Toronto varsity rowing.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[University of Toronto Rowing Club]]'s men's eight team trains in [[Toronto Harbour]] for the [[1924 Summer Olympics]] in Paris. The team won silver in the [[Rowing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's eight|men's eight]] event for [[Canada at the 1924 Summer Olympics|Canada]].]]
Formed in 1891, the storied [[Toronto Varsity Blues men's ice hockey|Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team]] has left many legacies on the national, professional and international hockey scenes. [[Conn Smythe]] played for the Blues as a [[centre (ice hockey)|centre]] during his undergraduate years, and was a Blues coach from 1923 to 1926.<ref name="mensHockeyBrochure2008"/> When Smythe took over the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] in 1927, his new team adopted the Varsity Blues' familiar blue-and-white sweater design.<ref name="mensHockeyBrochure2008">{{cite web | title=Varsity Blues Men's Hockey 2008–2009 | publisher=University of Toronto Faculty of Physical Education and Health | year=2008 | url=http://www.varsityblues.ca/documents/2008/12/17/2008-09%20Men's%20Hockey%20Brochure.pdf | access-date=December 21, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203164123/http://www.varsityblues.ca/documents/2008/12/17/2008-09%20Men%27s%20Hockey%20Brochure.pdf | archive-date=February 3, 2013 | url-status=live | journal= }}</ref> Blues hockey competed at the [[Ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics|1928 Winter Olympics]] and captured the gold medal for [[Canada at the 1928 Winter Olympics|Canada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=b195806 |title=Smythe, Conn biography |access-date=December 21, 2008 |work=Legends of Hockey |publisher=[[Hockey Hall of Fame]] |year=2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050206085053/http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMember.jsp?mem=B195806 |archive-date=February 6, 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the [[1980 Winter Olympics]], Blues coach [[Tom Watt (ice hockey)|Tom Watt]] served as co-coach of the [[Canada men's national ice hockey team|Canadian hockey team]] in which six players were Varsity grads.<ref name="mensHockeyBrochure2008"/> In all, the Blues have won the [[David Johnston University Cup|U Sports University Cup]] national hockey title ten times, last in 1984. [[Varsity Arena]] has been the permanent home of the Blues ice hockey programs since it opened in 1926.<ref name="friedland_2002"/> In men's basketball, the Varsity Blues have won 14 conference titles, including the inaugural championship in 1909, but have not won a national title.<ref name="mensBasketball2008">{{cite book| title=Varsity Blues Men's Basketball 2008–2009 | publisher=University of Toronto Faculty of Physical Education and Health | year=2008 | url=http://www.varsityblues.ca/documents/2008/12/17/2008-09%20Men's%20Basketball%20Brochure.pdf | access-date=December 21, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915074355/http://www.varsityblues.ca/documents/2008/12/17/2008-09%20Men%27s%20Basketball%20Brochure.pdf | archive-date=September 15, 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref> In swimming, the men's team has claimed the national crown 16 times since 1964, while the women's team has claimed the crown 14 times since 1970.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universitysport.ca/e/championships/swimming/2009/past.cfm |title=CIS Swimming Championship History |access-date=December 21, 2008 |publisher=[[U Sports|Canadian Interuniversity Sport]] |year=2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226041757/http://www.universitysport.ca/e/championships/swimming/2009/past.cfm |archive-date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref> Established in 1897, the [[University of Toronto Rowing Club]] is Canada's oldest collegiate [[rowing club]].<ref name="bluesBeforeSunrise"/> It earned a silver medal for the country in the [[Rowing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Men's eight|men's eight]] rowing event in the [[1924 Summer Olympics]] in Paris, finishing second to [[Yale University|Yale's]] crew.<ref name="bluesBeforeSunrise">{{cite book | first=Patrick | last=Okens |title=Blues Before Sunrise: Rowing at the University of Toronto | publisher=University of Toronto Graduate Department of History | year=1999 }}</ref>

===Tri-Campus League and intramurals===
During the [[First World War]], intercollegiate varsity sports were temporarily suspended, however [[Intramural sports|intramural]] competitions between colleges and divisions known as interfaculty sports were allowed to continue during this time, and thus gained popularity throughout the 1920s. The university's longest-running trophy, the [[Jennings Cup]], has been disputed by interfaculty men's ice hockey teams since 1898.<ref name="friedland_2002"/> At a level of competition below the Varsity Blues, teams from each of the three campuses compete in the Tri-Campus League, the highest level of intramural competition at the university. The [[University of Toronto Mississauga|Mississauga]] and [[University of Toronto Scarborough|Scarborough]] campuses have one Tri-Campus team each (nicknamed the [[UTM Eagles|Eagles]] and Maroons, respectively) while the [[University of Toronto St. George|St. George campus]] has two all-star teams, known as St. George Red and Blue.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahdi |first1=Yehia |title=A guide to U of T's tri-campus intramural athletics |url=https://thevarsity.ca/2018/09/03/a-guide-to-u-of-ts-tri-campus-intramural-athletics/ |access-date=May 3, 2026 |publisher=The Varsity |date=September 3, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tri-Campus League |url=https://kpe.utoronto.ca/sport-recreationcompetitive-sports-and-clubs/tri-campus-league |website=UofT - Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{main list|List of University of Toronto alumni
}}
{{See also|List of Presidents of the University of Toronto|List of Chancellors of the University of Toronto|List of University of Toronto faculty}}<!-- This section is for real-life individuals only --><!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->

<!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->In addition to [[Eric A. Havelock|Havelock]], [[Harold Innis|Innis]], [[Northrop Frye|Frye]], [[Edmund Snow Carpenter|Carpenter]] and [[Marshall McLuhan|McLuhan]], former professors of the 20th century include [[Frederick Banting]], [[Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter]], [[Robertson Davies]], [[John Charles Fields]], [[Leopold Infeld]] and [[C. B. Macpherson]]. Thirteen<!-- The vast majority of university lists the affiliation --> [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]] studied or taught at the University of Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geoffrey Hinton wins Nobel Prize in Physics {{!}} University of Toronto |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/geoffrey-hinton-wins-nobel-prize |access-date=2025-10-02 |website=www.utoronto.ca |language=en}}</ref> As of 2006, University of Toronto academics accounted for 15 of 23 Canadian members in the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (65 per cent) and 20 of 72 Canadian fellows in the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] (28 per cent).<ref name="researchReport2006"/>  Among honorees from Canada between 1980 and 2006, University of Toronto faculty made up 11 of 21 [[Canada Gairdner International Award]] recipients (52 per cent), 44 of 101 [[Guggenheim Fellowship|Guggenheim Fellows]] (44 per cent), 16 of 38 [[Royal Society]] fellows (42 per cent), 10 of 28 members in the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|United States National Academies]] (36 per cent) and 23 of 77 [[Sloan Research Fellowship|Sloan Research Fellows]] (30 per cent).<ref name="researchReport2006"/><!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->

<!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->Alumni of the University of Toronto's campuses, colleges, faculties and professional schools have assumed notable roles in a wide range of fields and specialties. In government, [[Governor General of Canada|Governors General]] [[Vincent Massey]], [[Adrienne Clarkson]], and [[Julie Payette]], [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Ministers]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], [[Arthur Meighen]], [[Lester B. Pearson]], [[Paul Martin]] and [[Stephen Harper]], and 17 [[List of justices of the Supreme Court of Canada|justices of the Supreme Court]] have all graduated from the university, while world leaders include [[President of Latvia]] [[Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga]], [[Premier of the Republic of China]] [[Liu Chao-shiuan]], [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] [[Noor Hassanali]], and [[List of spouses and partners of Icelandic presidents|First Lady of Iceland]] [[Eliza Reid]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/06/26/iceland-elects-new-president-and-gets-a-canadian-first-lady.html|title=Iceland elects new president, and gets a Canadian first lady {{!}} The Star|newspaper=The Toronto Star|date=June 26, 2016 |language=en|access-date=September 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503014436/https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/06/26/iceland-elects-new-president-and-gets-a-canadian-first-lady.html|archive-date=May 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Economist [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], political scientist [[David Easton]], historian [[Margaret MacMillan]], philosophers [[David Gauthier]] and [[Ted Honderich]], anthropologist [[Davidson Black]], social activist [[Ellen Pence]], sociologist [[Erving Goffman]], psychologists [[Endel Tulving]], [[Daniel Schacter]], and [[Lisa Feldman Barrett]], physicians [[Norman Bethune]] and [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]], geologists [[Joseph Tyrrell]] and [[John Tuzo Wilson]], mathematicians [[Irving Kaplansky]] and [[William Kahan]], physicists [[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] and [[Bertram Brockhouse]], religion scholar [[Amir Hussain]], architect [[James Strutt]], engineer [[Gerald Bull]], computer scientists [[Alfred Aho]] and [[Brian Kernighan]], and astronauts [[Roberta Bondar]] and Julie Payette are also some of the most well-known academic figures from the university.<!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->

<!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead or discuss in talk page -->In business, University of Toronto alumni include [[Rogers Communications]]' [[Edward S. Rogers Jr.|Ted Rogers]], [[Toronto-Dominion Bank]]'s [[W. Edmund Clark]], [[Bank of Montreal]]'s [[Bill Downe]], [[Scotiabank]]'s [[Peter Godsoe]], [[Barrick Mining|Barrick Gold's]] [[Peter Munk]], [[BlackBerry Limited|BlackBerry's]] [[Jim Balsillie]], [[eBay]]'s [[Jeffrey Skoll]], [[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|Fiat S.p.A.]]'s [[Sergio Marchionne]], and [[Apotex]]'s [[Barry Sherman|Bernard Sherman]]. In literature and media, the university has produced writers [[Stephen Leacock]], [[John McCrae]], [[Rohinton Mistry]], [[Margaret Atwood]] and [[Michael Ondaatje]], film directors [[Arthur Hiller]], [[Norman Jewison]], [[David Cronenberg]] and [[Atom Egoyan]], actor [[Donald Sutherland]], screenwriter [[David Shore]], television producer and writer [[Hart Hanson]], musician [[Paul Shaffer]], and journalists [[Malcolm Gladwell]], [[Naomi Klein]] and [[Barbara Amiel]].<!-- Do not add any more people here; if you need to add more people, please edit [[List of University of Toronto people]] instead -->

The University of Toronto alumni-founded companies generate roughly equivalent to one-quarter of [[Economy of Canada|the Canadian GDP]] according to a survey published in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni Impact Survey|url=https://alumni.utoronto.ca/alumni-impact-survey|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205013833/https://alumni.utoronto.ca/alumni-impact-survey|archive-date=February 5, 2021|access-date=April 13, 2021|website=University of Toronto Alumni|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Ontario|Education}}
* [[Education in Toronto]]
* [[Higher education in Ontario]]
* [[List of universities in Canada]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Claude Bissell|Bissell, Claude T.]] (1974). ''Halfway up Parnassus: A Personal Account of the University of Toronto''. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-2172-7}}.
* Ford, Ann Rochon. (1985). ''A Path Not Strewn with Roses''. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-3999-5}}.
* [[Martin Friedland|Friedland, Martin L.]] (2002). ''[https://archive.org/details/universityoftoro0000frie <!-- quote=The University of Toronto: A History. --> The University of Toronto: A History]''. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-4429-8}}.
* Levi, Charles Morden. (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NhvVMMLqxC0C&dq=Comings%20and%20Goings&pg=PP1 Comings and Goings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407112927/https://books.google.com/books?id=NhvVMMLqxC0C&dq=Comings%20and%20Goings&pg=PP1 |date=April 7, 2023 }}''. McGill-Queen's University Press. {{ISBN|0-7735-2442-8}}.
* [[A. B. McKillop|McKillop, A. Brian]]. (1994). ''Matters of Mind''. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-7216-X}}.
* Slater, John G. (2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zAdhk7aI2fAC&dq=Minerva's%20Aviary%3A%20Philosophy%20at%20Toronto&pg=PP1 Minerva's Aviary: Philosophy at Toronto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419174137/https://books.google.com/books?id=zAdhk7aI2fAC&dq=Minerva%27s%20Aviary%3A%20Philosophy%20at%20Toronto&pg=PP1 |date=April 19, 2023 }}''. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-3870-0}}.
* Wallace, W. Stewart. ''A History of the University of Toronto, 1827–1927.'' University of Toronto Press, 1927.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|auto=yes|wikt=no|b=no|v=no|commons=Category:University of Toronto|d=q180865}}
{{Scholia|organization}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://varsityblues.ca/ Athletics website]

{{University of Toronto}}
{{navboxes
| title = 
| titlestyle = background:#1E3765; color:white; border:
| list =
{{Association of American Universities}}
{{Mississauga}}
{{Laidlaw Scholars}}
{{Ontario University Athletics}}
{{Ont post-secondary|d}}
{{Public institutions and infrastructure in Toronto}}
{{TAHSN}}
{{U15}}
{{Universities in Canada}}
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toronto, University Of}}
[[Category:University of Toronto| ]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage|Toronto, University of]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1827|Toronto, University of]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in the 1820s|Toronto, University of]]
[[Category:1827 establishments in Upper Canada]]
[[Category:Universities in Ontario|Toronto, University of]]
[[Category:U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities|Toronto, University of]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Toronto]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Mississauga]]