{{short description|Increase in the number of individuals in a population}} [[File:Population-growth-rate-2023-OWID.png|thumb|upright=1.4|[[List of countries by population growth rate|Population growth rate]] (2023, [[Our World in Data]]){{cite journal | last1=Ritchie | first1=Hannah | last2=Rodés-Guirao | first2=Lucas | last3=Mathieu | first3=Edouard | last4=Gerber | first4=Marcel | last5=Ortiz-Ospina | first5=Esteban | last6=Hasell | first6=Joe | last7=Roser | first7=Max | title=Population Growth | journal=Our World in Data | date=11 July 2023 | url=https://ourworldindata.org/population-growth | access-date=26 January 2025 | page=}}]] [[File:Absolute increase in global population per year, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Absolute increase in global human population per year{{cite web |title=Absolute increase in global population per year |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/absolute-increase-global-population |website=Our World in Data |access-date=15 February 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228152809/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/absolute-increase-global-population }}]] '''Population growth''' is the increase in the number of people in a [[Population (human biology)|population]] or dispersed group. The [[World population|global population]] has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025.{{Cite web|url=http://worldometers.info/world-population |title=World Population 2024|access-date=29 July 2024}} Actual global human population growth amounts to around 70 million annually, or 0.85% per year. As of 2024, The United Nations projects that global population will peak in the mid-2080s at around 10.3 billion. The UN's estimates have decreased strongly in recent years due to sharp declines in global birth rates.{{Cite web |year=2024 |title=World Population Prospects 2024 – Data Booklet |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2024_wpp_2024_advance_unedited_0.pdf|access-date=1 January 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs]] }} Others have challenged many recent population projections as having underestimated population growth.{{cite journal |last1=O'Sullivan|first1=Jane Nancy |date=2023 |title=Demographic Delusions: World Population Growth Is Exceeding Most Projections and Jeopardising Scenarios for Sustainable Futures|url= |journal=World |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=545–568|doi=10.3390/world4030034|doi-access=free }} The world human population has been growing since the end of the [[Black Death]], around the year 1350. A mix of technological advancement that improved [[agricultural productivity]]Hopfenberg, Russell. "[https://ia802907.us.archive.org/4/items/3anexpansionofthedemographictransitionmodel/3%20An%20expansion%20of%20the%20demographic%20transition%20model.pdf An expansion of the demographic transition model: the dynamic link between agricultural productivity and population.]" Biodiversity 15.4 (2014): 246–254. and sanitation and medical advancement that reduced mortality increased population growth. In some geographies, this has slowed through the process called the [[demographic transition]], where many nations with high standards of living have seen a significant slowing of population growth. This is in direct contrast with less developed contexts, where population growth is still happening.{{cite web|last1=Population Reference Bureau|title=2013 World Population Factsheet|url=http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf|access-date=5 December 2014|website=Population Reference Bureau|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218233032/http://www.prb.org/pdf14/2014-world-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf}} Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963.{{Cite journal |last1=Roser |first1=Max |author1-link=Max Roser |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |author2-link=Hannah Ritchie |last3=Ortiz-Ospina |first3=Esteban |date=9 May 2013 |title=World Population Growth |url=https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth |journal=[[Our World in Data]]}} Population growth alongside [[overconsumption|increased consumption]] is a driver of [[Human impact on the environment|environmental concerns]], such as [[biodiversity loss]] and [[climate change]],{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/landmark-analysis-documents-alarming-global-decline-nature |title=Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature |last=Stokstad |first=Erik |date=5 May 2019 |website=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science|AAAS]] |language=en |access-date=20 October 2022 |quote="Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)"}}{{cite journal |last1=Crist|first1=Eileen|last2=Ripple|first2=William J.|author-link2=William J. Ripple|last3= Ehrlich|first3=Paul R.|author-link3=Paul R. Ehrlich|last4=Rees|first4=William E. |last5=Wolf|first5=Christopher |date=2022 |title=Scientists' warning on population|url=https://scientistswarning.forestry.oregonstate.edu/sites/default/files/Crist2022.pdf|journal=[[Science of the Total Environment]]|volume=845 |issue=|article-number=157166 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166|pmid= 35803428|bibcode=2022ScTEn.84557166C |s2cid=250387801 }} due to [[overexploitation]] of natural resources for [[Human development (economics)|human development]].United Nations Environment Programme (2021). ''Making Peace with Nature: A scientific blueprint to tackle the climate, biodiversity and pollution emergencies''. Nairobi. https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature Hence, population reduction is discussed as a [[Sustainability Strategies|sustainability strategy]], though its potential is limited to allow free individual life choices.{{Cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=Eric |title=Sustainability Strategies: What's in a Name? |journal=Sustainable Development |date=2025 |pages=5983–5997 |language=en |volume=33 |issue=4 |doi=10.1002/sd.3443 |issn=1099-1719|doi-access=free |hdl=10419/330166 |hdl-access=free }} International policy focused on mitigating the impact of human population growth is concentrated in the [[Sustainable Development Goals]] which seeks to improve the standard of living globally while reducing the impact of society on the environment while advancing human well-being.{{citation needed|date=July 2023}} {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear:right; margin-left: 10px" |+Population{{Cite web |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ |title=United Nations - World Population Prospects 2017 |access-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322090748/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/ |archive-date=22 March 2018 }} |+ ! Years
passed ! Year ! Pop.
(billions) |---- | align="left" | – || 1800 || align="right"| 1 |---- | align="left" | 127 || 1927 || align="right"| 2 |---- | align="left" | 33 || 1960 || align="right"| 3 |---- | align="left" | 14 || 1974 || align="right"| 4 |---- | align="left" | 13 || 1987 || align="right"| 5 |---- | align="left" | 12 || 1999 || align="right"| 6 |---- | align="left" | 12 || 2011 || align="right" | 7 |---- | align="left" | 11 || 2022 || align="right" | 8 |---- | align="left" | ''12'' || ''2035''* || align="right"| 9 |---- | align="left" | ''20'' || ''2055''* || align="right"| 10 |----- | align="left" | ''35'' || ''2088''* || align="right"| 11 |----- | align="left" colspan=3 | *World Population Prospects 2017
(United Nations Population Division) |} ==History== [[File:Human population since 1800.png|alt=|thumb|upright=1.4|World human population estimates from 1800 to 2100, with estimated range of future population after 2020 based on "high" and "low" scenarios. Data from the [https://population.un.org/wpp/ United Nations projections in 2019].]] [[File:Population curve.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Estimated size of human population from 10,000 [[Common Era|BCE]] to 2000 CE]] [[World population]] has been rising continuously since the end of the [[Black Death]], around the year 1350.{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/01/29/2149185.htm |title=Black death 'discriminated' between victims |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=29 January 2008 |access-date=3 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220120404/http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/01/29/2149185.htm |archive-date=20 December 2016 }} Population began growing rapidly in the [[Western world]] during the [[Industrial Revolution|industrial revolution]]. The most significant increase in the world's population has been since the 1950s, mainly due to [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|medical advancements]]{{cite journal |title=The contribution of vaccination to global health: past, present and future |publisher=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society |date=19 June 2014|pmc=4024226 |last1=Greenwood |first1=B. |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences |volume=369 |issue=1645 |article-number=20130433 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2013.0433 |pmid=24821919 }} and increases in [[agricultural productivity]].Armelagos, George J., Alan H. Goodman, and Kenneth H. Jacobs. "The origins of agriculture: Population growth during a period of declining health." Population and Environment 13.1 (1991): 9-22.Taiz, Lincoln. "[https://www.scielo.br/j/txpp/a/TWxQX34RrdtTmTPpDPtgNhS/?format=pdf&lang=en Agriculture, plant physiology, and human population growth: past, present, and future]." Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 25 (2013): 167-181. === Haber process === {{Main|Haber process#Economic and environmental aspects}} Due to its dramatic impact on the human ability to grow food, the [[Haber process]], named after one of its inventors, the German chemist [[Fritz Haber]], served as the "detonator of the [[population explosion]]", enabling the [[global population]] to increase from 1.6 billion in 1900 to 7.7 billion by November 2019.{{cite journal |last1=Smil |first1=Vaclav |year=1999 |title=Detonator of the population explosion |url=http://www.vaclavsmil.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/smil-article-1999-nature7.pdf |journal=Nature |volume=400 |issue=6743 |page=415 |doi=10.1038/22672 |bibcode=1999Natur.400..415S |s2cid=4301828 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |access-date=2019-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122190517/http://vaclavsmil.com/wp-content/uploads/docs/smil-article-1999-nature7.pdf }} === Thomas McKeown hypotheses === Some of the reasons for the "Modern Rise of Population"{{Cite book|title=The Modern Rise of Population|last=McKeown|first=Thomas|publisher=Edward Arnold|year=1976|isbn=978-0-7131-5986-8|location=London, UK}} were particularly investigated by the British health scientist [[Thomas McKeown (physician)|Thomas McKeown]] (1912–1988). In his publications, McKeown challenged four theories about the population growth: # McKeown stated that the growth in Western population, particularly surging in the 19th century, was not so much caused by an increase in [[fertility]], but largely by a decline of [[Mortality rate|mortality]] particularly of childhood mortality followed by [[infant mortality]],{{Cite journal|vauthors=McKeown T, Brown RG |date=1955|title=Medical evidence related to English population changes in the eighteenth century|journal=Population Studies|volume=9|issue=2|pages=119–141|doi=10.1080/00324728.1955.10404688|jstor=2172162}}{{Cite journal|vauthors=McKeown T, Brown RG, Record RG |date=1972|title=An interpretation of the modern rise of population in Europe|journal=Population Studies |volume=26 |issue=3|pages=345–382|doi=10.1080/00324728.1972.10405908|jstor=2173815|pmid=11630563}} # The decline of mortality could largely be attributed to rising standards of living, whereby McKeown put most emphasis on improved nutritional status, # McKeown questioned the effectiveness of public health measures, including sanitary reforms, vaccination and quarantine,{{Cite journal|vauthors=McKeown T, Record RG |date=1962 |title=Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century |journal=Population Studies|volume=16|issue=2|pages=94–122 |doi=10.2307/2173119|jstor=2173119}} # The "McKeown thesis" states that [[curative medicine]] measures played little role in mortality decline, not only prior to the mid-20th century but also until well into the 20th century.{{Cite journal|vauthors=McKeown T, Record RG, Turner RD |date=1975 |title=An Interpretation of the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Twentieth Century |journal=Population Studies|volume=29|issue=3|pages=391–422 |doi=10.1080/00324728.1975.10412707|jstor=2173935|pmid=11630508}} Although the McKeown thesis has been heavily disputed, recent studies have confirmed the value of his ideas.{{cite journal |last1=Korotayev |first1=A. V. |last2=Malkov |first2=A. S. |year=2016 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35548090 |title=Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE–1973 CE |journal=International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences |volume=10 |pages=200–209}} His work is pivotal for present day thinking about population growth, birth control, public health and medical care. McKeown had a major influence on many population researchers, such as health economists and Nobel prize winners [[Robert Fogel|Robert W. Fogel]] (1993) and [[Angus Deaton]] (2015). The latter considered McKeown as "the founder of [[social medicine]]".{{Cite book|title=The Great Escape. Health, wealth, and the origins of inequality|last=Deaton|first=Angus|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-691-15354-4|location=Princeton and Oxford|pages=91–93|quote=McKeown's views, updated to modern circumstances, are still important today in debates between those who think that health is primarily determined by medical discoveries and medical treatment and those who look to the background social conditions of life.}} ==Growth rate models== The "population growth rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial population. Specifically, population growth rate refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period. This can be written as the formula, valid for a sufficiently small time interval: :\text{Population growth rate} = \frac{ P(t_2) - P(t_1)} {P(t_1)(t_2-t_1)} A positive growth rate indicates that the population is increasing, while a negative growth rate indicates that the population is decreasing. A growth ratio of zero indicates that there were the same number of individuals at the beginning and end of the period—a growth rate may be zero even when there are significant changes in the [[birth rate]]s, [[death rate]]s, [[immigration rate]]s, and age distribution between the two times.[http://www.apheo.ca/index.php?pid=61 Association of Public Health Epidemiologists in Ontario] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522092307/http://www.apheo.ca/index.php?pid=61 |date=22 May 2008 }} A related measure is the [[net reproduction rate]]. In the absence of migration, a net reproduction rate of more than 1 indicates that the population of females is increasing, while a net reproduction rate less than one ([[sub-replacement fertility]]) indicates that the population of females is decreasing. Most populations do not grow exponentially, rather they follow a [[Logistic function|logistic model]]. Once the population has reached its [[carrying capacity]], it will stabilize and the exponential curve will level off towards the carrying capacity, which is usually when a population has depleted most its [[natural resource]]s.{{Cite book|title=Campbell Biology|last1=Reece|first1=Jane|last2=Urry|first2=Lisa|last3=Cain|first3=Michael|last4=Wasserman|first4=Steven|last5=Minorsky|first5=Peter|last6=Jackson|first6=Robert|publisher=Pearson|year=2014}} In the world human population, growth may be said to have been following a [[linear trend]] throughout the last few decades. [[File:Logistic growth graph (population ecology).JPG|thumb|upright=1.4|The logistic growth of a population]] ===Logistic equation=== The growth of a population can often be modelled by the [[Population dynamics#Logistic population growth|logistic equation]]{{Cite book|title=Brief Applied Calculus|last1=Stewart|first1=James|last2=Clegg|first2=Daniel|publisher=Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning|year=2012}} :\frac{dP}{dt}=rP\left(1-\frac{P}{K}\right), where * P(t) = the population after time t; * t = time a population grows; * r = the relative growth rate coefficient; * K = the carrying capacity of the population; defined by ecologists as the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain. As it is a separable differential equation, the population may be solved explicitly, producing a [[logistic function]]: :P(t)=\frac{K}{1+Ae^{-rt}}, where A=\frac{K-P_0}{P_0} and P_0 is the initial population at time 0. ==Global population growth rate== {{Further|Total fertility rate|Estimates of historical world population|Population dynamics}} {{See also|Human overpopulation|Overshoot (population)}} [[File:Countriesbyfertilityrate.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|A world map showing global variations in [[fertility rate]] per woman according to the [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]'s 2021 data {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} {{legend|#FF00FF|6–7 children}} {{legend|#FF0000|5–6 children}} {{legend|#FF9100|4–5 children}} {{col-break}} {{legend|#FFFF00|3–4 children}} {{legend|#00FF00|2–3 children}} {{legend|#35B0E3|1–2 children}} {{col-end}}]] [[File:World population (UN).svg|thumb|upright=1.4|Estimates of population evolution in different [[continent]]s between 1950 and 2050 according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is [[Logarithmic scale|logarithmic]] and is in millions of people. (2011)]] [[File:World population growth rate 1950–2050.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|World population growth rates between 1950 and 2050]] The world population growth rate peaked in 1963 at 2.2% per year and subsequently declined. In 2017, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1%.{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/index.shtml|title=World Population Prospects 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711042851/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/index.shtml|archive-date=11 July 2017}} The [[CIA World Factbook]] gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.86%, 0.78%, and 1.08% respectively.{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 26, 2021|title=The World Factbook|date=20 November 2015|access-date=4 January 2016}} The last 100 years have seen a massive fourfold increase in the population, due to [[History of medicine#Modern medicine|medical advances]], lower mortality rates, and an increase in [[agricultural productivity]] made possible by the [[Green Revolution]].{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4994590.stm|title=BBC NEWS - South Asia - The end of India's green revolution?|date=29 May 2006}} The annual increase in the number of living humans peaked at 88.0 million in 1989, then slowly reduced to 73.9 million in 2003, after which it rose again to 75.2 million in 2006. In 2017, the human population increased by 83 million. Generally, developed nations have seen a decline in their growth rates in recent decades, though annual growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the [[Middle East]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], and also in [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], and [[Latin America]].{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |title=International Programs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701122431/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpop.php |archive-date=1 July 2009 }} In some countries the [[population decline|population is declining]], especially in [[Eastern Europe]], mainly due to low [[Total fertility rate|fertility rate]]s, high death rates and [[emigration]]. In [[Southern Africa]], growth is slowing due to the high number of AIDS-related deaths. Some [[Western Europe]] countries might also experience population decline.{{Cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=2 |title=UN population projections |access-date=23 May 2009 |archive-date=14 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914023416/http://esa.un.org/UNPP/index.asp?panel=2 }} Japan's population began decreasing in 2005.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jan/02/japan-population|title=Japan sees biggest population fall|newspaper=the Guardian|date=2 January 2009|agency=Associated Press}} The [[United Nations Population Division]] projects world population to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the 21st century. The [[Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation]] projects that the global population will peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion and decline to 8.89 billion in 2100. {{cite journal |url=https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930677-2 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30677-2 |title=Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study |date=14 July 2020 |journal=Lancet |type=pdf|doi-access=free |last1=Vollset |first1=Stein Emil |last2=Goren |first2=Emily |last3=Yuan |first3=Chun-Wei |last4=Cao |first4=Jackie |last5=Smith |first5=Amanda E. |last6=Hsiao |first6=Thomas |last7=Bisignano |first7=Catherine |last8=Azhar |first8=Gulrez S. |last9=Castro |first9=Emma |last10=Chalek |first10=Julian |last11=Dolgert |first11=Andrew J. |last12=Frank |first12=Tahvi |last13=Fukutaki |first13=Kai |last14=Hay |first14=Simon I. |last15=Lozano |first15=Rafael |last16=Mokdad |first16=Ali H. |last17=Nandakumar |first17=Vishnu |last18=Pierce |first18=Maxwell |last19=Pletcher |first19=Martin |last20=Robalik |first20=Toshana |last21=Steuben |first21=Krista M. |last22=Wunrow |first22=Han Yong |last23=Zlavog |first23=Bianca S. |last24=Murray |first24=Christopher J L. |volume=396 |issue=10258 |pages=1285–1306 |pmid=32679112 |pmc=7561721 }} A 2014 study in ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]'' concludes that the global population will reach 11 billion by 2100, with a 70% chance of continued growth into the 22nd century.{{cite news|author=Carrington, Damien|date= 18 September 2014|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/18/world-population-new-study-11bn-2100 |title=World population to hit 11bn in 2100 – with 70% chance of continuous rise|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date= 19 December 2016}}{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1257469| pmid = 25301627| title = World population stabilization unlikely this century| journal = Science| volume = 346| issue = 6206| pages = 234–7| date = 14 September 2014| issn = 1095-9203| last1 = Gerland | first1 = P.| last2 = Raftery | first2 = A. E.| last3 = Ev Ikova | first3 = H.| last4 = Li | first4 = N.| last5 = Gu | first5 = D.| last6 = Spoorenberg | first6 = T.| last7 = Alkema | first7 = L.| last8 = Fosdick | first8 = B. K.| last9 = Chunn | first9 = J.| last10 = Lalic | first10 = N.| last11 = Bay | first11 = G.| last12 = Buettner | first12 = T.| last13 = Heilig | first13 = G. K.| last14 = Wilmoth | first14 = J.| pmc=4230924| bibcode = 2014Sci...346..234G}} The [[German Foundation for World Population]] reported in December 2019 that the global human population grows by 2.6 people every second, and could reach 8 billion by 2023.{{cite news |last=Hook |first=Chris |date=20 December 2019 |title=Earth's population set to soar to 7.75 billion people by New year's Eve|url=https://7news.com.au/news/social/world-population-at-775-bln-by-year-end-c-616688|work=[[Seven News]]|access-date=2 January 2020}}{{cite news |last= Silk |first=John |date=21 December 2019|title=World's population to hit 7.75 billion in 2019 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/worlds-population-to-hit-775-billion-in-2019/a-51758905 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=14 March 2021}} ==Growth by country== {{Main|List of countries by population growth rate}} [[File:Comparing Population Growth By Country's Development, 2002.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|The majority of world population growth today is occurring in less developed countries.]] According to [[United Nations]] population statistics, the world population grew by 30%, or 1.6 billion humans, between 1990 and 2010.{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm|title=World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507035406/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/unpp/Panel_profiles.htm|archive-date=7 May 2011}} In number of people the increase was highest in India (350 million) and China (196 million). Population growth rate was among highest in the [[United Arab Emirates]] (315%) and [[Qatar]] (271%). {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Growth rates of the world's most populous countries !rowspan=2|Rank !rowspan=2|Country !colspan=3|Population !colspan=2|Annual Growth (%) |- !1990 !2010 !2020 (est.){{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106022539/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 6, 2021|title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: China — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=15 May 2019}} !1990–2010 !2010–2020 |- | |World | align="right" |5,306,425,000 | align="right"|6,895,889,000 |7,503,828,180 | align="right"|1.3% |align="right"|0.8% |- | 1 | {{flagicon|China}} [[China]] | align="right" |1,139,060,000 | align="right"|1,341,335,000 |1,384,688,986 | align="right"|0.8% |align="right"|0.3% |- | 2 | {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] | align="right" |873,785,000 | align="right"|1,224,614,000 |1,333,000,000 | align="right"|1.7% |align="right"|0.9% |- | 3 | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] | align="right" |253,339,000 | align="right"|310,384,000 |329,256,465 | align="right"|1.0% |align="right"|0.6% |- | 4 | {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] | align="right" |184,346,000 | align="right"|239,871,000 |262,787,403 | align="right"|1.3% |align="right"|0.9% |- | 5 | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]] | align="right" |149,650,000 | align="right"|194,946,000 |208,846,892 | align="right"|1.3% |align="right"|0.7% |- | 6 | {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] | align="right" |111,845,000 | align="right"|173,593,000 |207,862,518 | align="right"|2.2% |align="right"|1.8% |- | 7 | {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]] | align="right" |97,552,000 | align="right"|158,423,000 |203,452,505 | align="right"|2.5% |align="right"|2.5% |- | 8 | {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Bangladesh]] | align="right" |105,256,000 | align="right"|148,692,000 |159,453,001 | align="right"|1.7% |align="right"|0.7% |- | 9 | {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russia]] | align="right" |148,244,000 | align="right"|142,958,000 |142,122,776 | align="right"|−0.2% | align="right"|−0.1% |- | 10 | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]] | align="right" |122,251,000 | align="right"|128,057,000 |126,168,156 | align="right"| 0.2% | align="right"|−0.1% |} Many of the world's countries, including many in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]], the [[Middle East]], [[South Asia]] and [[South East Asia]], have seen a sharp rise in population since the end of the [[Cold War]]. The fear is that high population numbers are putting further strain on natural resources, food supplies, fuel supplies, employment, housing, etc. in some of the less fortunate countries. For example, the population of [[Chad]] has ultimately grown from 6,279,921 in 1993 to 10,329,208 in 2009, further straining its resources. [[Vietnam]], [[Mexico]], [[Nigeria]], [[Egypt]], [[Ethiopia]], and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|DRC]] are witnessing a similar growth in population. The following table gives some example countries or territories: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan=2|Country/territory ! colspan=5 style="border-bottom-style:hidden;"|Population in ! rowspan=2|Life expectancy
in years (2008) ! rowspan=2|Total population
growth from 1960s
to 2007–2011 |- !1967 !1990 !1994 !2002 !2008 |- |{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[Eritrea]]* || N/A* ||N/A*|| 3,437,000 ||4,298,269 || 5,673,520 || 61'Modern School Atlas (96th edition)', {{ISBN|978-1-84907-013-3}}.||2,236,520 |- | {{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Ethiopia]]* ||23,457,000*The British Oxford economic atlas of the World 4th edition, {{ISBN|0-19-894107-2}}||50,974,000*The British Collins Atlas of the World, the 1993 edition, {{ISBN|0-00-448038-4}} || 54,939,000The British ''Collins Longman Student Atlas'', the 1996 and in 1998 publications, {{ISBN|978-0-00-448879-0}} for the 1998 edition, {{ISBN|0-00-448365-0}} for the 1996 edition || 67,673,031(2003) ||79,221,000[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf Ethiopia Central Statistics Office -- Population Projection for mid-2008] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105033054/http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/National%20statistics/national%20statistics%202007/Population.pdf |date=5 January 2012 }} || 55|| 55,764,000 |- | {{flagicon|Sudan}} [[Sudan]]||14,355,000† ||25,204,000† || 27,361,000† || 38,114,160 (2003)† || 42,272,000† || 50†|| 27,917,000 |- | {{flagicon|Chad}} [[Chad]] ||3,410,000 ||5,679,000 || 6,183,000 ||9,253,493(2003) ||10,329,208 (2009) || 47|| 6,919,205 |- | {{flagicon|Niger}} [[Niger]]||3,546,000||7,732,000 || 8,846,000 || 10,790,352 (2001) || 15,306,252 (2009){{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=CIA |publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|title=Niger |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109131606/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |year=2009|access-date=10 January 2010}} || 44|| 11,760,252 |- | {{flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Nigeria]]||61,450,000||88,500,000 ||108,467,000 ||129,934,911||158,259,000{{cite web | url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision: Selected Tables: Annex Tables |at=Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009 |website=United Nations |date=2009 |access-date= 12 March 2009}} NB: The preliminary results of the National population census in Guinea-Bissau put the figure at 1,449,230, according to email information by the Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa, Bissau. || 47|| 96,809,000 |- | {{flagicon|Mali}} [[Mali]]||4,745,000||8,156,000 ||10,462,000||11,340,480||14,517,176(2010){{cite web |url=http://instat.gov.ml/voir_actu.aspx?lactu=44 |title=Mali preliminary 2009 census |publisher=Institut National de la Statistique |access-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418055748/http://instat.gov.ml/voir_actu.aspx?lactu=44 |archive-date=18 April 2010 }} || 50|| 9,772,176 |- | {{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[Mauritania]] ||1,050,000 ||2,025,000 || 2,211,000 ||2,667,859 (2003) ||3,291,000 (2009) || 54|| 2,241,000 |- | {{flagicon|Senegal}} [[Senegal]]||3,607,000||7,327,000 ||8,102,000 ||9,967,215||13,711,597 (2009){{cite web |author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=CIA |publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|title=Senegal |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109003221/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |year=2009|access-date=10 January 2010}} || 57|| 10,104,597 |- | {{flagicon|Gambia}} [[Gambia]]||343,000||861,000 ||1,081,000 ||1,367,124 (2000)||1,705,000 || 55|| 1,362,000 |- | {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algeria]] || 11,833,126 || 25,012,000 || 27,325,000 || 32,818,500 (2003) ||34,895,000{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2010/wpp2010_text_tables.pdf |title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1 |website=United Nations |date=2010 |access-date=12 March 2009 }}{{dead link|date=January 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} || 74|| 23,061,874 |- | {{flagicon|DRC}} [[The DRC]]/[[Zaire]]|| 16,353,000|| 35,562,000 || 42,552,000 || 55,225,478 (2003) || 70,916,439 [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118182121/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ The World Factbook- Congo, Democratic Republic of the.] Central Intelligence Agency. || 54|| 54,563,439 |- | {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Egypt]] || 30,083,419 || 53,153,000 || 58,326,000 || 70,712,345 (2003) || 79,089,650 {{cite web |url=http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12e?action=&lname= |title=Central Agency for Population Mobilisation and Statistics — Population Clock (July 2008) |publisher=Msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg |access-date=25 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908090727/http://www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg/pls/fdl/tst12e?action=&lname= |archive-date=8 September 2010 }} || 72|| 49,006,231 |- | {{flagicon|Réunion}} [[Réunion]]
''([[overseas region]] of France)''||418,000|| N/A ||N/A || 720,934 (2003)|| 827,000 (2009) || N/A|| 409,000 |- | {{flagicon|Falkland Islands}} [[Falkland Islands]]
''([[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]])''||2,500|| N/A || N/A || 2,967 (2003) || 3,140(2010){{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210109093604/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas |url-status = dead |archive-date = January 9, 2021 |title = Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |access-date = 5 March 2010}} || N/A|| 640 |- | {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]]||8,935,500||13,173,000 || 13,994,000 || 15,116,435 || 17,224,200 (2011) || 77|| 8,288,700 |- | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Colombia]]||19,191,000|| 32,987,000 || 34,520,000 || 41,088,227 || 45,925,397 (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |title=Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Dane.gov.co |access-date=22 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905114224/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/reloj_animado.php |archive-date=5 September 2015 }} || 73|| 26,734,397 |- | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazil]]||85,655,000||150,368,000 ||153,725,000 || 174,468,575 (2000) || 190,732,694 (2010) IBGE. [http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1 Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas]. || 72|| 105,077,694 |- | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]||45,671,000|| 86,154,000 || 93,008,000 || 103,400,165 (2000)||112,322,757 (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |title=INEGI 2010 Census Statistics |publisher=inegi.org.mx |access-date=25 November 2010 |archive-date=8 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108101543/http://www.inegi.org.mx/inegi/contenidos/espanol/prensa/comunicados/rpcpyv10.asp |url-status=dead }} || 76|| 66,651,757 |- | {{flagicon|Fiji}} [[Fiji]] ||476,727 (1966)|| 765,000 ||771,000 || 844,330 (2001) || 849,000 (2010) || 70|| 372,273 |- | {{flagicon|Nauru}} [[Nauru]]||6,050 ||10,000 ||N/A ||12,329 ||9,322 (2011){{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=[[The World Factbook]]|title=Nauru |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nauru/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235256/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nauru |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |year=2011|access-date=12 February 2011}} || N/A|| 3,272 |- | {{flagicon|Jamaica}} [[Jamaica]] ||1,876,000|| 2,420,000 || 2,429,000 || 2,695,867 (2003)|| 2,847,232{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023238/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 11, 2021|title=The World Factbook|date=19 October 2021}}(2010) || 74|| 971,232 |- | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]] ||11,540,764 || 17,086,000 || 17,843,000 || 19,546,792 (2003)||{{formatnum:{{#expr: 22579660 + (86400 / 97) * {{Age in days|2011|4|12}} round 0}}}}{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument|title=Population clock|work=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] website|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|access-date=12 April 2011}} The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00:00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation. (2010) || 82|| 10,066,508 |- | {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Albania]] ||1,965,500 (1964)|| 3,250,000 || 3,414,000 || 3,510,484 ||2,986,952 (July 2010 est.){{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&hl=en&dl=en#ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:AL&hl=en&dl=en|title=IFs Forecast - Version 7.00-Google Public Data Explorer}} || 78||1,021,452 |- | {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Poland]]||31,944,000||38,180,000 ||38,554,000 || 38,626,349 (2001)||38,192,000 (2010){{cite web |url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1347,title,Wzrasta-liczba-ludnosci-Polski,wid,12502858,wiadomosc.html |title=Wzrasta liczba ludności Polski - Wiadomości - WP.PL |publisher=Wiadomosci.wp.pl |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=27 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005093319/http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1347,title,Wzrasta-liczba-ludnosci-Polski,wid,12502858,wiadomosc.html |archive-date=5 October 2013 }} || 75|| 6,248,000 |- | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungary]]||10,212,000||10,553,000 ||10,261,000 || 10,106,017 ||9,979,000 (2010)[http://portal.ksh.hu/pls/ksh/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_evkozi/e_wdsd001a.html Hungarian Central Statistical Office]. Retrieved 25 July 2010. || 73|| -142,000 |- | {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Bulgaria]]||8,226,564 (1965)||8,980,000 ||8,443,000 ||7,707,495(2000)||7,351,234 (2011){{Cite web |url=http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=31 December 2011 |archive-date=5 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905003155/http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf }} || 73|| -875,330 |- | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] || 55,068,000 (1966)|| 57,411,000 || 58,091,000 ||58,789,194 || 62,008,048 (2010){{cite web |url= http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 |title=Total population at 1 January |publisher=Eurostat |date =11 March 2011 |access-date =29 April 2011}} || 79|| 7,020,048 |- | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Ireland]] ||2,884,002 (1966)|| 3,503,000 || 3,571,000 ||3,840,838 (2000)|| 4,470,700{{cite web |url=http://www.cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/popmig.pdf |title=CSO – Population and Migration Estimates April 2010 |date=September 2010 |access-date=21 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920101624/http://cso.ie/releasespublications/documents/population/current/popmig.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2010 }} (2010) || 78|| 1,586,698 |- | {{flagicon|China}} [[People's Republic of China]] ||720,000,000|| 1,139,060,000 ||1,208,841,000 || 1,286,975,468 (2004)|| 1,339,724,852 (2010)[http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110428_402722244.htm Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108022004/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110428_402722244.htm |date=8 November 2013 }} || 73|| 619,724,852 |- | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japan]]‡ ||98,274,961 (1965)||123,537,000 ||124,961,000 ||127,333,002||127,420,000 (2010){{cite web|url=http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm|title=Statistics Bureau Home Page/Population Estimates Monthly Report}} || 82|| 28,123,865 |- | {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]#||511,115,000||843,931,000 ||918,570,000 ||1,028,610,328 (2001) || 1,210,193,422 (2011){{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html|title=Provisional Population Totals - Census 2011|publisher=Indian Census Bureau 2011|access-date=29 March 2011}} || 69|| 699,078,422 |- | {{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]]||1,956,000 (1967)||3,003,000 (1990) ||2,930,000 (1994) ||4,452,732 (2002)||5,076,700 (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html#popnarea |title=Population (Mid Year Estimates) & Land Area |date=31 August 2010 |website=Statistics Singapore |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100914024746/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html |archive-date=14 September 2010}} || 82 (2008)||3,120,700 |- | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco]] ||24,000 (1967)||29,000 (1990) ||N/A (1994) ||31,842 (2000)||35,586[https://web.archive.org/web/20260115003128/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ Monaco], [[The World Factbook]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 7 June 2010. (2010) || (2008)||11,586 |- | {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Greece]] ||8,716,000 (1967)||10,123,000 (1990) ||10,426,000 (1994) ||10,964,020 (2001){{Cite web|publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece: Population census of 18 March 2001 |url=http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_09_TB_DC_01_01_Y.pdf |title=Πίνακας 1. Πληθυσμός κατά φύλο και ηλικία |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325012639/http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_09_TB_DC_01_01_Y.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009 }}|| 11,305,118 (2011){{Cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 |title=Total population |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |date=1 January 2010 |access-date=8 January 2010}} || N/A (2008)|| 2,589,118 |- | {{flagicon|Faroe Islands}} [[Faroe Islands]]
''(Danish dependency)''||38,000 (1967)||N/A (1990) ||N/A (1994) ||46,345 (2000)||48,917 (2010) {{cite web |url=http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Hagstova_Foroya |title=Hagstova F?roya |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210030515/http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Hagstova_Foroya |archive-date=10 December 2013 }} (Faroese) || N/A (2008)||18,917 |- | {{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[Liechtenstein]]||20,000 (1967)||29,000 (1990) ||N/A (1994) ||33,307 (2000)|| 35,789 (2009)[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_30_juni.htm Bevölkerungsstatistik 30. Juni 2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114083836/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_30_juni.htm |date=14 November 2013 }}, Landesverwaltung Liechtenstein. || (2008)||15,789 |- | {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[South Korea]]||29,207,856 (1966)||42,793,000 (1990) ||44,453,000 (1994) ||48,324,000 (2003)||48,875,000 (2010) {{cite web|url=http://www.index.go.kr/egams/stts/jsp/potal/stts/PO_STTS_IdxMain.jsp?idx_cd=1009&bbs=INDX_001 |title=총인구, 인구성장률: 지표상세화면 |publisher=Index.go.kr |access-date=29 October 2010}} || (2008)||19,667,144 |- | {{flagicon|North Korea}} [[North Korea]]||12,700,000 (1967)||21,773,000 (1990) ||23,483,000 (1994) ||22,224,195 (2002)|| 24,051,218 (2010){{Cite news |url = http://news.joins.com/article/686/4109686.html |script-title=ko:한반도 인구 7천400만명 시대 임박 |newspaper=Joins |date = 1 October 2009 | access-date = 14 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100417102924/http://news.joins.com/article/686/4109686.html | archive-date = 17 April 2010 |language=ko}} || (2008)||11,351,218 |- | {{flagicon|Brunei}} [[Brunei]]||107,200 (1967)|| 266,000 (1990) ||280,000 (1994) ||332,844 (2001)||401,890 (2011){{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109130905/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 9, 2021 | title=Brunei | website=[[CIA World Factbook]] | year=2011 | access-date=13 January 2011 }} || 76 (2008)||306,609 |- | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysia]]||10,671,000 (1967)||17,861,000 (1990) ||19,489,000 (1994) || 21,793,293 (2002)||27,565,821 (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |title=Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010 |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=iii |access-date=31 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708202650/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |archive-date=8 July 2011 }} || (2008)||16,894,821 |- | {{flagicon|Thailand}} [[Thailand]]||32,680,000 (1967)||57,196,000 (1990) ||59,396,000 (1994) || 60,606,947 (2000){{cite web |url=http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/pop2000/prelim_e.htm |title=Population and Housing Census 2000, National Statistical Office |publisher=Web.nso.go.th |date=1 April 2000 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=14 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114104300/http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/pop2000/prelim_e.htm }}||63,878,267 (2011){{cite web|url=http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716001724/http://203.113.86.149/stat/pk/pk53/pk_53.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2011 }} || (2008)|| 31,198,267 |- | {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]]||2,520,000 (1967)||2,701,000 (1990) ||2,915,000 (1994) || 3,727,703{{cite web|title=Central Intelligence Agency. March 2011 est |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=23 April 2011|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111113708/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 11, 2021}} (2003)||4,224,000 (2009) || - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]]||5,600,000 (1967)||12,116,000 (1990) ||13,844,000 (1994) || 17,585,540 (2003)||22,457,763 (2011){{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103654/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 9, 2021 |title=Central Intelligence Agency. March 2011 est |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=23 April 2011}} || -(2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[Bahrain]]||182,00 (1967)||503,000 (1990) ||549,000 (1994) ||667,238 (2003)||1,234,596{{cite web|title=REMARKABLE GROWTH EXPATS OUTNUMBER BAHRAINIS IN 2010 CENSUS |url=http://www.census2010.gov.bh/news/news_en26.html |publisher=Bahraini Census 2010 |access-date=14 February 2011 |date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219111201/http://www.census2010.gov.bh/news/news_en26.html |archive-date=19 February 2011 }} (2010) || 75 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Sri Lanka}} [[Sri Lanka]]|| 11,741,000 (1967)||16,993,000 (1990) ||17,685,000 (1994) ||19,607,519 (2002)||20,238,000 (2009) || - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Switzerland]]||6,050,000 (1967)||6.712,000 (1990) ||6,994,000 (1994) ||7,261,200 (2002)||7,866,500{{cite web|url=http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand.html|title=Population size and population composition|year=2010|work=Swiss Federal Statistical Office|publisher=Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel|access-date=29 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628063919/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand.html|archive-date=28 June 2016}} (2010) || - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[Luxembourg]]||335,000 (1967)||381,000 (1990) ||401,000 (1994) ||439,539 (2001) ||511,840 (2011)[http://www.statistiques.public.lu/fr/actualites/population/population/2011/05/20110503/index.html "Population: 511 840 habitants au 1er janvier 2011"], ''Le Portail des statistiques: Grand-Duché de Luxembourg'', 3 May 2011. {{in lang|fr}} Retrieved 4 May 2011. || - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Romania]]||19,105,056 (1966)||23,200,000 (1990) ||22,736,000 (1994) ||21,680,974 (2002)||21,466,174{{cite web|url = http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1|title = Romania - Population |access-date = 26 May 2011|publisher = epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu}} (2011) || - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Niue}} [[Niue]]
''(associated state of New Zealand)''||1,900 (1966)||N/A (1990) ||N/A (1994) ||2,134 (2002)||1,398 (2009){{cite web| url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niue/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109093608/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niue| url-status=dead| archive-date=January 9, 2021| title=Niue| work=The World Factbook| publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]| access-date=20 July 2009}} || N/A (2008)|| -502 |- | {{flagicon|Tokelau}} [[Tokelau]]
''(New Zealand territory)''||5,194 (1966)||N/A (1990) ||N/A (1994) ||1,445 (2001)||1,416 (2009) || N/A (2008)|| -3,778 |- | {{flagicon|Jamaica}} [[Jamaica]]||1,876,000 (1967)|| 2,420,000 (1990) || 2,429,000 (1994) || 2,695,867 (2003)|| 2,847,232 (2010) || 74 (2008)||971,232 |- | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentina]]||32,031,000 (1967)|| 32,322,000 (1990) ||34,180,000 (1994) || 37,812,817 (2002)||40,091,359 (2010) || 74 (2008)||8,060,359 |- | {{flagicon|France}} [[France]]||49,890,660 (1967)|| 56,440,000 (1990) ||57,747,000 (1994) || 59,551,000 (2001)||63,136,180 (2011){{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=bilan-demo&page=donnees-detaillees/bilan-demo/pop_age2.htm|title=Population totale par sexe et âge au 1er janvier 2011, France métropolitaine|publisher=[[Government of France]] |website=[[INSEE]]|access-date=20 January 2011|language=fr}} || 81 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italy]]||52,334,000 (1967)||57,662,000 (1990) ||57,193,000 (1994) ||56,995,744 (2002)||60,605,053{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20110328_00/testointegrale20110328.pdf|title=Monthly demographic balance: January–November 2010|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]]|date=28 March 2011|access-date=2 April 2011|language=it|archive-date=22 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722144056/http://www3.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20110328_00/testointegrale20110328.pdf}} (2011) || 80 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[Mauritius]]||774,000 (1967)|| 1,075,000 (1990) || 1,104,000 (1994) || 1,179,137 (2000)|| 1,288,000 (2009) || 75 (2008)||514,000 |- | {{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[Guatemala]]||4,717,000 (1967)||9,197,000 (1990) ||10,322,000 (1994) || 12,974,361 (2000)||13,276,517 (2009) || 70 (2008)||8,559,517 |- | {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Cuba]]||8,033,000 (1967)||10,609,000 (1990) ||10,960,000 (1994) || 11,177,743 (2002) ||11,239,363 (2009)[http://www.one.cu/aec2009/esp/20080618_tabla_cuadro.htm Anuario Estadístico de Cuba 2009. Edición 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716124826/http://www.one.cu/aec2009/esp/20080618_tabla_cuadro.htm|date=16 July 2010}}, Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas, República de Cuba. Accessed on {{Nowrap|6 November}}, 2010. Note: An exchange rate of 1 CUC to 1.08 USD was used to convert GDP.[https://web.archive.org/web/20260118170254/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/]|| 77 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Barbados}} [[Barbados]]||246,000 (1967)||255,000 (1990) ||261,000 (1994) ||250,012 (2001)|| 284,589 (2010)[https://web.archive.org/web/20260116164232/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ Barbados: People.] World Factbook of CIA || 73 (2008)||18,589 |- | {{flagicon|Samoa}} [[Samoa]]||131,377 (1967)||164,000 (1990) ||164,000 (1994) || 178,173 (2003)|| 179,000 (2009) || N/A (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]] ||7,765,981 (1967)||8,559,000 (1990) ||8,794,000 (1994) || 8,920,705 (2002)|| 9,354,462 (2009) || 81 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]] ||4,664,000 (1967)||4,986,000 (1990) ||5,095,000 (1994) ||5,175,783 (2002)||5,374,781 (2010) || N/A (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portugal]] ||9,440,000 (1967)||10,525,000 (1990) ||9,830,000 (1994) || 10,355,824 (2001)||10,647,763[http://www.pordata.pt/ Pordata, "Base de Dados Portugal Contemporâneo"]. Accessed on 7 March 2011. (2011) || N/A (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austria]] ||7,323,981 (1967)||7,712,000 (1990) ||8,031,000 (1994) || 8,032,926 (2001)||8,404,252 (2011) || N/A (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]] ||1,738,000 (1967)||4,545,000 (1990) ||5,225,000(1994) ||5,499,074 (2002)||6,420,000 (2009) || 77 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Peru]] ||12,385,000 (1967)||21,550,000 (1990) ||23,080,000(1994) ||27,949,639 (2002)||29,496,000 (2010) || 70 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Guinea Bissau}} [[Guinea Bissau]] ||528,000 (1967)||965,000 (1990) ||1,050,000 (1994) ||1,345,479 (2002)|| 1,647,000 (2009)|| 48 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Angola}} [[Angola]] ||5,203,066 (1967)||10,020,000 (1990) ||10,674,000 (1994) || 10,766,500 (2003) || 18,498,000{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&hl=en&dl=en#ctype=l&strail=false&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:AO&hl=en&dl=en |title=Population Forecast to 2060 by International Futures hosted by Google Public Data Explorer |access-date=13 July 2011}} (2009) || 38 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}} [[Equatorial Guinea]] ||277,000 (1967)||348,000 (1990) ||389,000 (1994) ||474,214 (2000)||676,000 (2009)||61 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Benin}} [[Benin]] ||2,505,000 (1967)||4,736,000 (1990) ||5,246,000 (1994) || 8,500,500 (2002)||8,791,832 (2009)||59 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Laos}} [[Laos]] ||2,770,000 (1967)||4,139,000 (1990) ||4,742,000 (1994) ||5,635,967 (2002)||6,800,000{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm |title=Background notes - Laos|publisher=US Dept. of State|access-date=20 January 2011}} (2011)|| 56 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] || 10,500,000 (1967)||18,961,000 (1990) ||21,360,000 (1994) || 25,284,463 (2002)||29,331,000 (2009)|| - (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] ||25,781,090 (1966)||54,608,000 (1990) || 59,778,000 (1994) ||66,622,704 (2002)||75,330,000 (2010){{cite web |url=http://www.amar.org.ir/default.aspx?tabid=52 |title=Official Iranian Population clock |publisher=Amar.org.ir |access-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722015233/http://www.amar.org.ir/default.aspx?tabid=52 |archive-date=22 July 2011 }} || 71 (2008)||49,548,910 |- | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]] ||20,014,880 (1966)|| 26,603,000 (1990) || 29,248,000(1994) || 31,081,900 (2001)||32,623,490 (2011){{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/98-187-x/4151287-eng.htm#table3 |title=Estimated population of Canada, 1605 to present|date=6 July 2009 |publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=17 April 2011}}||81 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]] ||199,118,000 (1967)|| 249,995,000 (1990) || 260,650,00(1994) ||281,421,906 (2000)||308,745,538 (2010){{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |title=Resident Population Data – 2010 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=22 December 2010 |year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028061117/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |archive-date=28 October 2011 }}|| 78 (2008)|| |- | {{flagicon|Uganda}} [[Uganda]] ||7,931,000 (1967)||18,795,000 (1990) ||20,621,000 (1994) || 24,227,297 (2002)||32,369,558 (2009)||52 (2008)|| |} ;Notes :* Eritrea left Ethiopia in 1991. :† Split into the nations of Sudan and [[South Sudan]] during 2011. :‡ Japan and the Ryukyu Islands merged in 1972. :# India and Sikkim merged in 1975. {| class="wikitable" style="float: right; clear:right; margin-left: 10px" ! colspan="2" align=center style="background-color: #cfb;" | Population growth 1990–2012 (%)[http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-highlights-2014.html CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202081336/http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-highlights-2014.html |date=2 December 2015 }} Population 1971–2014 IEA (PDF Page 74, marked page 72) |----- | align="left" | [[Africa]] || align="right"| 73.3% |----- | align="left" | [[Middle East]] || align="right"| 68.2% |----- | align="left" | [[Asia]] (excl. China) || align="right"| 42.8% |----- | align="left" | [[China]] || align="right"| 19.0% |----- | align="left" | [[OECD]] [[Americas]] || align="right"| 27.9% |----- | align="left" | Non-OECD Americas || align="right"| 36.6% |----- | align="left" | OECD [[Europe]] || align="right"| 11.5% |----- | align="left" | OECD [[Asia]] [[Oceania]] || align="right"| 11.1% |----- | align="left" | Non-OECD Europe and [[Eurasia]] || align="right"| −0.8% |} ==Future population== {{Excerpt|Projections of population growth|paragraphs=1|only=paragraphs}}Unlike UN projections that assume a plateau, some models suggest growth will remain positive because the technological progress driving the "demographic transition" may eventually slow down. Modern researchers hypothesize that Arithmetic Food Growth can be outpaced indefinitely if the rate of innovation remains high enough.{{Cite journal |last=Lanz |first=Bruno |last2=Dietz |first2=Simon |last3=Swanson |first3=Timothy |date=August 2017 |title=Global Population Growth, Technology, and Malthusian Constraints: A Quantitative Growth Theoretic Perspective |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/iere.12242 |journal=International Economic Review |language=en |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=973–1006 |doi=10.1111/iere.12242 |issn=0020-6598|hdl=1721.1/99413 |hdl-access=free }} Instead of food availability determining population, future population and income levels will determine the demand for food, which in turn incentivizes agricultural innovation. As technology advances, the demand for human capital increases; this makes child-rearing more expensive and time-intensive. Those advances would shift economy to require more educated labor. naturally slowing birth rates as societies become wealthier.{{Cite journal |last=Ehrlich |first=Isaac |last2=Lui |first2=Francis |date=January 1997 |title=The problem of population and growth: A review of the literature from Malthus to contemporary models of endogenous population and endogenous growth |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165188995009302 |journal=Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=205–242 |doi=10.1016/0165-1889(95)00930-2}} In regions where technology and urbanization are lagging, Malthusian pressures, where population growth outstrips local resource production, remain a highly relevant analytical concern. == See also == * [[An Essay on the Principle of Population]] * [[Demographic history]] * [[Demographic transition]] * [[Density dependence]] * [[Ecological overshoot]] * [[Epidemiological transition]] * [[Human population planning]] * [[Irruptive growth]] * [[Overshoot (population)]] * [[Population ageing]] * [[Population decline]] * [[Population density]] * [[Sustainable population]] * [[World population]] * [[Estimates of historical world population]] * [[Zero population growth]] == References == {{reflist|30em}} == External links == {{externalvideo|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bSJEUmAnlQ Food Production and Population Growth - Daniel Quinn]}} *{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.html|title=World Population Prospects|publisher=Website of the [[United Nations Population Division]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711032459/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.html|archive-date=11 July 2017}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.ecofuture.org/pop/revs/quinn_pop_video.html|title=Food Production and Population Growth|work=[[Daniel Quinn]], Alan D. Thornhill, PhD|publisher=Ecofuture. Population and Sustainability Media, Non-fiction}} *{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/ppp/index.html|title=Probabilistic Population Projections, 2nd Revision|publisher=Website of the United Nations Population Division|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212919/http://esa.un.org/unpd/ppp/index.html|archive-date=4 October 2013}} *{{cite web|url=https://populationinstitutecanada.ca/pic-resources/population-growth-and-the-food-supply/|title=Population Growth and the Food Supply|publisher=Population Institute of Canada}} *{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopinfo.php|title=World population growth and trends 1950-2050|publisher=US Census|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707175239/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/worldpopinfo.php|archive-date=7 July 2010}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/tz/academic/subjects/life-sciences/natural-resource-management-agriculture-horticulture-and/feeding-ten-billion-plants-and-population-growth?format=PB&isbn=9780521646857|title=Feeding the Ten Billion-Plants and Population Growth|publisher=PGR Newsletter FAO-Bioversity L.T. Evans. 2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64685-5}} Published in Issue No. 125, page 39 to 40 - (5802) characters {{Navboxes|list= {{Human impact on the environment}} {{Population}} {{Population country lists}} {{biological organisation}} {{Globalization|state=autocollapse}} }} {{Population}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Control of demographics]] [[Category:Ecological metrics]] [[Category:Population ecology]] [[Category:Human overpopulation]] [[Category:Environmental controversies]]