{{Short description|French scientist (1715–1786)}} {{more citations needed|date=February 2013}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Jean-Étienne Guettard | image = Jean-Étienne Guettard.jpg | image_size = 150px | caption = Jean-Étienne Guettard | birth_date = 22 September 1715 | birth_place = [[Étampes]] | death_date = {{death date and age text|7 January 1786|22 September 1715}} | death_place = [[Paris]] | residence = | citizenship = | ethnicity = | field = [[natural history|naturalist]]
[[mineralogy]] | workplaces = | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = Guett. | author_abbrev_zoo = | awards = | religion = | footnotes = | signature = }} '''Jean-Étienne Guettard''' (22 September 1715 – 7 January 1786), was a French [[natural history|naturalist]] and [[mineralogist]]. He was born at [[Étampes]], near Paris. In boyhood, he gained a knowledge of [[plant]]s from his grandfather, who was an [[apothecary]], and later he qualified as a [[Doctor of Medicine|doctor in medicine]]. Pursuing the study of [[botany]] in various parts of [[France]] and other countries, he began to take notice of the relation between the distribution of plants and the [[soil]]s and [[subsoil]]s. In this way his attention came to be directed to [[mineral]]s and [[rock (geology)|rocks]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In 1746, he communicated to the [[Académie des Sciences|Academy of Sciences]] in [[Paris]] a memoir on the distribution of minerals and rocks, and this was accompanied by a [[map]] on which he had recorded his observations. He thus, as remarked by [[William Conybeare (geologist)|W. D. Conybeare]], "first carried into execution the idea, proposed by [[Martin Lister]] years before, of [[geological]] maps." In the course of his journeys he made a large collection of [[fossil]]s and figured many of them, but he had no clear ideas about the sequence of [[stratum|strata]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He made observations also on the [[Erosion|degradation]] of mountains by rain, rivers and sea; and he was the first to ascertain the existence of former [[volcano]]es in the district of [[Auvergne (province)|Auvergne]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} In 1759, Guettard was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. He died in Paris on 7 January 1786.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} His publications include: * ''Observations sur les plantes'' (2 vols, 1747) * ''Histoire de la découverte faite en France de matières semblables à celles dont la porcelaine de la Chine est composée'' (1765) * ''Mémoires sur différentes parties des sciences et arts'' (5 vols, 1768–1783) * ''Mémoires sur la minéralogie du Dauphiné'' (2 vols, 1779).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070216112049/http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/52/ ''Atlas et description minéralogiques de la France'' (1780)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902151703/http://bibliotheque-virtuelle.clermont-universite.fr/items/show/7124 "Atlas minéralogique de la France, volume de planches" (1780)] {{botanist|Guett.}} == See also == * [[Dorsum Guettard]], a [[wrinkle ridge]] on the [[Moon]] named after him. == References == {{reflist}} * {{EB1911|wstitle=Guettard, Jean Étienne|volume=12|page=673}} * ''The Founders of Geology'', by [[Archibald Geikie|Sir A Geikie]] (1897). {{Authority control}} {{EB1911 article with no significant updates}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Guettard, Jean-Etienne}} [[Category:1715 births]] [[Category:1786 deaths]] [[Category:People from Étampes]] [[Category:French mineralogists]] [[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] [[Category:18th-century French medical doctors]] [[Category:18th-century French naturalists]] [[Category:18th-century French scientists]]