{{Short description|Historical term}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
[[File:007 Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate and Russian Empire 1751.jpg|thumb|250px|Historical map of Cossack Hetmanate and territory of Zaporozhian Cossacks under rule of Russian Empire (1751).]]
A '''Hetman of [[Zaporizhian Cossacks]]''' is a historical term that has multiple meanings.
Officially the post was known as '''Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host''' ([[Ruthenian language|Old Ukrainian]]: Гетман Войска Єго Королевскои Милости Запорозкого, ''Hetman of His Royal Grace's Zaporozhian Host'';[[http://izbornyk.org.ua/ukrpoetry/anto37.htm ВЂршЂ на жалосный погреб зацного рыцера Петра Конашевича Сагайдачного, гетмана войска єго королевскои милости запорозкого]] {{langx|uk|Гетьман Війська Запорозького|Hetman Viiska Zaporozkoho}}).[Mytsyk, Yu. ''[http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Getman Hetman (ГЕТЬМАН)]''. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.] Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks as a title was not officially recognized internationally until the creation of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. With the creation of [[Registered Cossacks]] units their leaders were officially referred to as '''Senior of His Royal Grace's Zaporozhian Host''' ({{langx|uk|старший його Королівської Милості Війська Запорозького}}, ''Starshyi Yoho Korolivskoi Mylosti Viiska Zaporozkoho''; {{langx|pl|starszy Wojska J.K.Mci Zaporoskiego}}).[{{Cite book|title=Універсали Богдана Хмельницького|date=1998|page=74|isbn=9667217531}}] Before 1648 and the establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate there were numerous regional hetmans across the [[Dnieper]]-banks, who usually were starostas or [[voivode]]s.{{nosource|date=September 2025}}
== Background ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2025}}
The first widely recognized hetman of [[Zaporizhia (region)|Zaporizhia]] was [[Dmytro Vyshnevetsky]], after that several Polish [[starosta]]s were added to the Hetman registry such as Lanckoroński and Daszkiewicz who also led their own Cossack formations. According to [[Mykhailo Hrushevsky]] they were not really considered as [[hetman]]s, at least by their contemporaries. Among others such starostas were Karpo Maslo from [[Cherkasy]], Yatsko Bilous ([[Pereiaslav]]), Andrushko ([[Bratslav]]), and many others. Even Princes [[Konstanty Ostrogski]] and [[:uk:Глинський Богдан Федорович|Bohdan Hlinski]] were conducting [[cossacks|Cossack]] raids on [[Tatars|Tatar]] uluses (districts).{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
The commanders of [[Zaporozhian Host]] units (the Kish) often considered as hetmans in fact carried a title of [[Kosh Otaman|Kish Otaman]]. As from 1572,[{{cite web|url=http://history.franko.lviv.ua/Ig.htm#ГЕТЬМАН|script-title=uk:Гетьман|trans-title=Hetman (definition)|language=uk|publisher=Handbook of the History of Ukraine|website=history.franko.lviv.ua|volume=H|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211021827/http://history.franko.lviv.ua/Ig.htm|archive-date=11 December 2014}}] hetman was the unofficial title of commanders of the [[Registered Cossack Army]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. From the 1648 [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] uprising, Hetman was the title of the head of the Cossack state, the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. Cossack hetmans had very broad powers and acted as supreme military commanders and executive leaders (by issuing administrative decrees).{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
After the split of Ukrainian territory along the [[Dnieper River]] by the [[Poland|Polish]]-[[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]]n [[Treaty of Andrusovo]] 1667, there was an introduction of dual leadership for each bank, or for each Ukraine of [[Dnieper]] (left and right). After the [[Treaty of Andrusovo]] there existed two different Cossack Hetmanates with two Hetmans: the one in Poland being called '''Nakazny Hetman of His Royal Mercy of Zaporizhian Host''', and the Russian one titled '''Hetman of His Tsar's Mercy of Zaporizhian Host'''.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
Eventually the official state powers of Cossack Hetmans were gradually diminished in the 18th century, and finally abolished by [[Catherine II of Russia]] in 1764.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
== Starosta ==
* [[Przecław Lanckoroński]] (1506–1512), not an actual hetman, he was a [[starosta]] of [[Khmilnyk]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Ostap Dashkevych]] (1506–1536), not an actual hetman, he was a [[starosta]] in charge of a defense force approved by the [[Sejm]] near [[Cherkasy]]. Dashkevych offered to create a defense force on the banks of the Lower Dnieper[{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CA%5CDashkevychOstafii.htm|title=Dashkevych, Ostafii|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|access-date=1 April 2017}}]
== Cossack leaders (until 1648) ==
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2025}}
* [[Dmytro Vyshnevetsky]] (1550–1564), first who created a Cossack garrison at the ''Nyz Dnieprovski'' (Lower [[Dnieper]]) on the island of [[Khortytsia|Small Khortytsia]] in 1552[[[Mykhailo Hrushevsky|Hrushevsky, M.]] ''Illustrated History of Ukraine''. "BAO". Donetsk, 2003. {{ISBN|966-548-571-7}}][{{cite book | year=1993 | title=Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy | edition=1st | url=http://history.franko.lviv.ua/Iv.htm | access-date=30 March 2007 | archive-date=20 December 2005 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051220224256/http://history.franko.lviv.ua/Iv.htm | url-status=dead }}]
* [[Bohdan Ruzhynsky]], member of [[Volhynia]] princedom, a leader who was sponsored by Moscow
* [[Ivan Svirgovsky]] (1567–1574)
* [[Ivan Pidkova]] (1577–1578), leader
* [[Ivan Orishevsky]] (1579–1591)
* [[Bogdan Mikoshinsky]] (1586–1594)
* [[Krzysztof Kosiński|Kryshtof Kosynsky]] (1591–1593), otaman led the [[Kosiński Uprising|1590 uprising]] after [[Janusz Ostrogski]] confiscated his lands near [[Bila Tserkva]] that were awarded to him by the [[Sejm]]
* [[Hryhory Loboda]] (1593–1596), Hetman of Zaporizhia
* [[Severyn Nalyvaiko]] (1596), an Ostrogski recruit who fought against the Kosiński Uprising, led his [[Nalyvaiko Uprising|own uprising]] in [[Podolie]] and [[Volhynia]] independent from Hryhory Loboda
** Lubny massacre, a massacre that was conducted by the Polish army led by Hetman [[Stanisław Żółkiewski|Zolkiewski]]. After that battle the Cossack movement was greatly reduced within the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
* Krempski, Hetman of Zaporizhia, was elected during the siege near Lubny and later managed to escape with a small number of other cossacks
* Vasylevych, Hetman of Zaporizhia
* Nechkovsky, Hetman of Zaporizhia
* [[Tykhin Baybuza]] (1597–1598), Hetman of Zaporizhia
* [[Samiylo Kishka]] (1599–1601), Hetman of Zaporizhia, managed to reinstate the rights of cossacks in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
* [[Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny]] led successful campaigns against the [[Tatars]] and the [[Ottoman Empire|Turks]], aided the Polish army at Moscow in 1618 and at the [[Battle of Khotyn (1621)|Battle of Khotyn]] in 1621. He also saw Cossack interests in the independence of Ukraine from Poland.
* [[Mykhailo Doroshenko]] (1623–1628)
** [[Hryhoriy Chorny]] (1628–1630), elected by [[Registered Cossacks]]
** [[Taras Fedorovych]] (1629–1630), elected by unregistered Cossacks
* [[Ivan Sulyma]] (1630–1635)
* [[Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga]] (1631–1632)
* Tomilenko (1635–1637)
* Savva Kononovych (1637), former Pereyaslav polkovnyk
** [[Pavel Mikhnovych]], better known as [[Pavel Pavluk]], the leader of 1637 uprising
** Karp Skydan, Pavlyuk's assistant, headed the 1637 uprising while Pavlyuk returned to Zaporizhia
*** Battle between Moshny and Ros on 6 December 1637
* Ilyash Karaimovych (1637), [[Mykola Potocki]]'s appointee of Registered Cossacks, [[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]] was appointed a [[pysar]] of Karaimovych.
* [[Dmytro Hunia]] (1638), leader in Zaporizhia
== Hetmans of the Cossack Hetmanate ==
{{further|Hetman of Zaporizhian Host}}
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=3 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 1
| width="50px" | [[File:Bohdan Khmelnytsky.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Chmelnitskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Bohdan Khmelnytsky]]'''
(1596–1657)
Зиновій-Богдан Хмельницький
| [[Khmelnytsky Uprising|1648]] (Sich)
| 26 January 1648
| 6 August 1657
| died
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 2
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Chmelnitskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''
(1641–1685)
Юрій Хмельницький
| death of his father
| 6 August 1657
| 27 August 1657
| reconsidered by the Council of Officers
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 3
| width="50px"| [[File:Ivan Vyhovsky (Portrait, 19th century, before restoration).png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Vygovskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Vyhovsky]]'''
(????–1664)
Іван Виговський
| [[Cossack Council, 1657|1657]] (Korsun)
| 27 August 1657
(confirmed: 21 October 1657)
| 11 September 1659
| surrendered title
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 4
| width="50px"| [[File:Yurii Khmelnytsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Chmelnitskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Yurii Khmelnytsky]]'''
(1641–1685)
Юрій Хмельницький
| [[Cossack Council, 1659|1659]] (Hermanivka)
| 11 September 1659
(confirmed: 11 September 1659)
| October 1662
| surrendered title
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| –
|
|
| '''[[Pavlo Teteria]]'''
(1620?–1670)
Павло "Тетеря" Моржковський
| [[Cossack Council, 1662|1662]] (Chyhyryn)
| October 1662
| July 1665
| (legitimacy questioned)
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 5
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Briukhovetsky.png|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Briuhovetskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Briukhovetsky]]'''
(1623–1668)
Іван Брюховецький
| [[Chorna rada of 1663|1663]] (Nizhyn)
| 27 June 1663
(confirmed: 27 June 1663)
| 17 June 1668
| died
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 6
| width="50px" | [[File:Petro Doroshenko 19.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Petro Doroshenko.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Petro Doroshenko]]'''
(1627–1698)
Петро Дорошенко
| [[Cossack Council, 1666|1666]] (Chyhyryn)
| 10 October 1665
(confirmed: January 1666)
| 19 September 1676
| surrendered to [[Ivan Samoylovych]]
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| –
| width="50px"|
|
| '''[[Demian Mnohohrishny]]'''
(1631–1703)
Дем'ян Многогрішний
| 1669 (Hlukhiv)
| 17 December 1668
(confirmed: 3 March 1669)
| April 1672
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 7
| width="50px" | [[File:Hetman Ivan Samoylovych.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Samoilovych.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Samoylovych]]'''
(1630s–1690)
Іван Самойлович
| [[Officer Council, 1672|1672]] ([[Kozatske, Konotop Raion|Cossack Grove]])
| 17 June 1672
| August 1687
| arrested and exiled to Siberia
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 8
| width="50px" | [[File:Portret Mazepa.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Mazepa.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Mazepa]]'''
(1639-1709)
Іван Мазепа
| [[Cossack Council, 1687|1687]] (Kolomak)
| 4 August 1687
| 6 November 1708
| "stripped" of a title, discredited
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 9
| width="50px" | [[File:Ivan Skoropadsky (Portrait, 1840s, Stepan Zemlyukov) 1.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Ivan Skoropadskyi.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Ivan Skoropadsky]]'''
(1646–1722)
Іван Скоропадський
| 1708 (Hlukhiv)
| 6 November 1708
| 14 July 1722
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| –
| width="50px" |
|
| '''[[Pavlo Polubotok]]'''
(1660–1724)
Павло Полуботок
| appointed hetman
| 1722
| 1724
| died in prison
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)|Collegium of Little Russia]] ([[Stepan Velyaminov]]) 1722-1727
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 10
| width="50px" | [[File:Danylo Apostol (Portrait, Sumy Art Museum).jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Danylo Apostol.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Danylo Apostol]]'''
(1654–1734)
Данило Апостол
| 1727 (Hlukhiv)
| 12 October 1727
| 29 March 1734
| died
|-bgcolor=silver
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| –
| width="50px" |
|
| '''[[Yakiv Lyzohub]]'''
(1675–1749)
Яків Лизогуб
| appointed hetman
| 1733
| 1749
| died
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|provisional Hetman Government Administration 1734-1745
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| 11
| width="50px" | [[File:Kirill Razumovsky Tokke.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Alex K Rozumovski family.svg|100px]]
| '''[[Kyrylo Rozumovsky]]'''
(1728–1803)
Кирило Розумовський
| 1750 (Hlukhiv)
| 22 February 1750
| 1764
| resigned
|- bgcolor=grey
| colspan="8"|[[Collegium (ministry)|Collegium]] of Little Russia 1764-1786 ([[Pyotr Rumyantsev]])
|}
Historians such as [[Mykola Arkas]][[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707192952/http://pidruchniki.ws/20080215/istoriya/pavlo_teterya_getman_pravoberezhnoyi_ukrayini Pavlo Teteria, Hetman of the Right-bank Ukraine]. Cossack leaders of Ukraine (textbook).] question legitimacy of Pavlo Teteria's October 1662 election, alleging that it involved corruption.[Lohvyn, Yu. ''[http://abetka.ukrlife.org/logvin/l_teteria.htm Pavlo Teteria. Hetmans of Ukraine]''. "Merry Alphabet".] Some sources claim Teteria's election took place a little later, in January 1663.[[https://web.archive.org/web/20140601013025/http://litopys.com.ua/encyclopedia/vidatn-storichn-postat-dobi-ru-ni/pavlo-teterya/ Pavlo Teteria]. History of the Great Nation.] The election of Teteria led to the Povoloch Regiment Uprising in 1663, followed by larger number of disturbances in the modern region of [[Kirovohrad Oblast]] as well as [[Polesia]] (all in [[Right-bank Ukraine]]).[ Moreover, the political crisis that followed the Pushkar–Barabash Uprising divided the Cossack Hetmanate completely along the banks of the [[Dnieper River]].][Horobets, V. ''[http://history.org.ua/index.php?termin=Gromad_vijny_v_Ukr Civil wars in Ukraine of 1650s-1660s]''. Encyclopedia of history of Ukraine. Vol.2. Kyiv: "[[Naukova Dumka]]", 2004.] Coincidentally, on 10 January 1663, the [[Tsardom of Muscovy]] created the new [[Little Russian Office]] ([[Prikaz]]) within its Ambassadorial Office.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
Vouched by [[Charles Marie François Olier, marquis de Nointel]], [[Yuriy Khmelnytsky]] was freed from the Ottoman captivity, appointed and along with Pasha Ibragim was sent to Ukraine fight the Moscow forces of Samoilovych and Romadanovsky. In 1681 [[Mehmed IV]] appointed [[George Ducas]] the Hetman of Ukraine, replacing Khmelnytsky.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
Following the [[anathema on Mazepa]] and the election of [[Ivan Skoropadsky]], [[Cossack Hetmanate]] was included into the Russian [[Kiev Governorate]] (''Guberniya'') in December 1708. Upon the death of Skoropadsky, the Hetman elections were disrupted and were awarded as a gift and a type of princely titles, first to Moldavian nobleman and later to the Russian Empress favorite.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
On 5 April 1710 the council of cossacks, veterans of the battle at Poltava, elected [[Pylyp Orlyk]] as the Hetman of Ukraine in exile. Orlyk waged a guerrilla warfare at the southern borders of the [[Russian Empire]] with the support from Ottoman and Swedish empires.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
=== Hetmans appointed by the [[Tsardom of Russia]] ===
* [[Ivan Bezpaly]], elected by some cossacks in the town of [[Varva, Ukraine|Varva]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Demian Mnohohrishny]], "Siverian Hetman"{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
=== Hetmans appointed by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ===
The Appointed Hetman [[Mykhailo Khanenko]] was elected the Hetman of Ukraine by a council of Sukhoviy's Cossacks in [[Uman]] to depose Doroshenko. In 1675 [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to some [[Ostap Hohol]] (died in 1679). Same thing happened in 1683 when [[John III Sobieski]] awarded the title to [[Stefan Kunicki]] and in 1684 to [[Andriy Mohyla]]. Those awards were given during the [[Great Turkish War]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Pavlo Teteria]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Mykhailo Khanenko]], appointment confirmed by the [[King of Poland]] [[Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Ostap Hohol]], appointment confirmed by the [[King of Poland]] [[John III Sobieski]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Stefan Kunicki]], appointment confirmed by the [[King of Poland]] [[John III Sobieski]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Andriy Mohyla]], appointment confirmed by the [[King of Poland]] [[John III Sobieski]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Samiylo Samus]], title surrendered to [[Ivan Mazepa]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="text-align:center;"
! {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! colspan=3 | Hetman
! Elected (event)
! Took office
! Left office
!
|-bgcolor=tan
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (1)
| width="50px"| [[File:Mykhailo Khanenko Beni Culturali.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Mykhailo Khanenko]]'''
(1620–1680)
Михайло Ханенко
| 1669 (Uman)
| 1669
(confirmed: 2 September 1670)
| 1674
| pro-Polish faction{{efn|Following the [[truce of Andrusovo]], the Polish government was appointing its own hetmans of Zaporizhian Host on its territory (so called [[Right-bank Ukraine]]). It is unknown whether the position performed any administrative functions over the territory.}}
|-bgcolor=tan
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (2)
| width="50px"| [[File:Hetman Stefan Kunicki 0001.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Stefan Kunicki]]'''
(?–1684)
Стефан Куницький
| 23 August 1683
| 23 August 1683
(confirmed: 24 August 1683)
| January 1684
| pro-Polish faction
|-bgcolor=tan
! style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"| (3)
| width="50px"| [[File:Hetman Andrij Mohyla.jpg|100px]]
| '''[[Andriy Mohyla]]'''
(?–1689)
Андрій Могила
| January 1684
| January 1684
(confirmed: 30 January 1684)
| January 1689
| pro-Polish faction
|}
===Sanjak-bey, Prince of Sarmatia (appointed by the Ottoman Empire)===
In 1669 [[Petro Doroshenko]] received a title of [[Sanjak-bey]] from [[Mehmed IV]]. Title existed in 1669 to 1683.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Petro Doroshenko]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Yuri Khmelnytsky]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[George Ducas]]{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
=== Hetmans-in-exile ===
The title existed in 1710–1760.[{{cite book|last1=Bilousko|first1=O. A.|last2=Mokliak|first2=V. A.|url=https://histpol.narod.ru/person/pers-15/pers15-013.htm|script-title=uk:Друга половина XVI – друга половина XVIII століття|trans-title=The second half of XVI – the second half of the XVIII century|language=uk|website=histpol.narod.ru|chapter=Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk|pages=205–206}}]
* [[Pylyp Orlyk]]
* [[Hryhor Orlyk]]
=== Buh Cossack Host (appointed by the Russian Empire) ===
* Major General {{ill|Pyotr Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky|ru|Пётр Михайлович Скаржинский}} (1788), He served as an officer in the [[Siberian Carabinieri]] and [[Taganrog Dragoon Regiments]]. Commander of the [[Astrakhan Cossacks]] and the 1st Commander of [[Buh Cossacks]] Army.[{{cite web | url=https://www.nikpravda.com.ua/general-skarzhinskij-i-ego-deti-neizvestnoe-o-predstavitelyah-izvestnogo-roda/ | title=Генерал Скаржинский и его дети: неизвестное о представителях известного рода | date=19 November 2016 }}][http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN%3D&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Skarzhynski_rid]
== See also ==
* [[Bulawa]]
* [[Hetmans of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
* [[Kosh otaman]]
* [[History of Cossacks]]
* [[Zaporizhian Host]]
* [[Zaporizhian Sich]]
* [[List of leaders of Ukraine]]
* [[Taras Bulba]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com Encyclopedia of Ukraine]
{{Hetmans of Ukraine}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cossacks, Hetmans of Ukrainian}}
[[Category:Hetmans of the Zaporozhian Cossacks| ]]
[[Category:Military history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership|Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]]
[[Category:Ukraine history-related lists]]
[[Category:Cossack Hetmanate]]
[[Category:Military ranks of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Heads of state of Ukraine|Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks]]
[[Category:Lithuania history-related lists]]