{{Short description|Argentine-American political scientist (born 1958)}} {{Infobox scientist |name = Gerardo L. Munck |birth_date = {{birth date and age |mf=yes|1958|10|13}} |birth_place = [[Buenos Aires, Argentina]]{{Cite web|url=https://dornsife.usc.edu/cf/faculty-and-staff/faculty.cfm?pid=1003560|title=Faculty Profile > USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences}} |education = [[University of California, San Diego]] |occupation = [[Professor]], [[political scientist]] |known_for = [[Comparative politics]] |influences = }} '''Gerardo L. Munck''' is a [[political scientist]] specializing in [[comparative politics]]. He is professor of [[political science]] and [[international relations]] at the [[University of Southern California]]. ==Career== Munck earned his undergraduate degree in [[political science]] from the [[University of New Hampshire]], a master's in [[Latin American studies]] at [[Stanford University]], and his PhD in [[political science]] from the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD). Munck was a professor at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign]] between 1990 and 2002, before moving to the University of Southern California (USC).Munck CV. [https://www.gerardomunck.com/_files/ugd/50f6f6_391891a2f2754d30bde9dd7e5b1a511c.pdf]. Sergio Ugaz, and Sonia Gonzales, "Entrevista a Gerardo Munck: La pasión y el arte son fundamentales para la Ciencia Política." ''Politai'' 5(9)(2014): 131-139. https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/politai/article/view/13871/14495 ==Academic research== Munck works in the field of [[comparative politics]] specializing in political [[regime]]s, [[democracy]], and [[methodology]].Gerardo L. Munck and Jay Verkuilen, “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices,” ''Comparative Political Studies'' 35, 1 (2002): 5-34 [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.469.3177&rep=rep1&type=pdf]; Gerardo L. Munck, ''Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics.'' Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009; Gerardo L. Munck, “The Study of Politics and Democracy: Touchstones of a Research Agenda,” pp. 25-37, in Gerardo L. Munck (ed.), ''Regimes and Democracy in Latin America. Theories and Methods.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007; Gerardo L. Munck, “What is Democracy? A Reconceptualization of the Quality of Democracy,” ''Democratization'' 23, 1 (2016): 1-26. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2299128] His recent work focuses on democracy and its relationship to the [[State (polity)|state]],Sebastián L. Mazzuca and Gerardo L. Munck, “State or Democracy First? Alternative Perspectives on the State-Democracy Nexus,” ''Democratization'' 21, 7 (2014): 1221-43; Sebastián L. Mazzuca and Gerardo L. Munck, ''A Middle-Quality Institutional Trap: Democracy and State Capacity in Latin America,'' New York: Cambridge University Press, 2020; Gerardo L. Munck, “The State as a Determinant of Democracy: Durable Poor-Quality Democracies in Contemporary Latin America.” ''Democratization'' 31,2 (2024): 341-65. on [[critical juncture theory|critical junctures]],David Collier and Gerardo L. Munck (eds.), “Symposium on Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies,” ''Qualitative and Multi-Method Research'' 15, 1 (Spring 2017); David Collier and Gerardo L. Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022; “The Theoretical Foundations of Critical Juncture Research: Critique and Reconstruction,” pp. 109-37, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. and on [[politics]] in [[Latin America]].Gerardo L. Munck and J.P. Luna, ''Latin American Politics and Society: A Comparative and Historical Analysis.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. Munck is also known for his research in the field of the science of [[knowledge]] and his [[oral history|oral histories]] of leading scholars in [[political science]] and [[comparative politics]].Gerardo L. Munck, "The Past and Present of Comparative Politics," pp. 32-59, in Munck and Richard Snyder, ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics'' (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.415.8830&rep=rep1&type=pdf]; Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder “Comparative Politics at a Crossroad: Problems, Opportunities and Prospects from the North and South.” ''Política y Gobierno'' (Mexico) 26, 1 (2019): 139-58 [http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/pyg/v26n1/1665-2037-pyg-26-01-139.pdf]; Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder (eds.), ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics.'' Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007; Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder (eds.), ''Pasión, oficio y método en la política comparada.'' Mexico: Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas [CIDE]), 2020; Gerardo L. Munck and Martín Tanaka, ''El pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano: Ciencias sociales e intelectuales en tiempos cambiantes'' (Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prometeo, 2023). ===Democracy=== One of Munck's recurring research interests has been democracy. He has written on the conceptualization and measurement of democracy, and on the theorization of democracy. ====The conceptualization and measurement of democracy==== Munck's award winning article with Jay Verkuilen “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy" (2002) introduced a widely used distinction between issues of conceptualization, measurement, and aggregation.Gerardo L. Munck and Jay Verkuilen, “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices,” ''Comparative Political Studies'' 35, 1 (2002): 5-34; for examples of the use of this distinction, see Marc Bühlmann, Wolfgang Merkel, Lisa Müller, and Bernhard Weßels, "The Democracy Barometer: A New Instrument to Measure the Quality of Democracy and its Potential for Comparative Research." ''European Political Science'' 11,4 (2012): 519-536; Brandgi Badri and Ghasemi Vahid, "A New Model for Measuring of Democracy, According to Critiques on Current Models." ''Journal of Political Studies'' 8, 32 (2016): 53-78; Heiko Giebler, Saskia P. Ruth, and Dag Tanneberg, ”Why Choice Matters? Revisiting and Comparing Measures of Democracy.” ''Politics and Governance'' 6,1 (2018): 1-10; and Lasse Egendal Leipziger, "Measuring Ethnic Inequality: An Assessment of Extant Cross-National Indices." ''British Journal of Political Science'' (2022): 1-22, p. 2. [https://www.ipsa.org/page/award-concept-analysis-political-science-rc01] In his book ''Measuring Democracy'' (2009) and in an article work with Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Skaaning (2020), Munck elaborated this framework and argued that, "counter to an empiricist approach to measurement," attention should be placed "squarely on theoretical concepts" and "the link between theoretical concepts and measures."Gerardo L. Munck, ''Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics.'' Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009; Gerardo L. Munck, Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Skaaning, “Conceptualization and Measurement: Basic Distinctions and Guidelines,” pp. 331-52, in Luigi Curini and Robert Franzese (eds.), ''The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations,'' Vol. 1, with Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2020, p. 347. ====Problems ''of'' and ''for'' democracy==== In ''Latin American Politics and Society: A Comparative and Historical Analysis'' (2022) and “Democracy and the State in Latin America” (2023), Munck has introduced the distinction between problems ''of'' democracy, "problems linked to the attainment, maintenance, and deepening of democracy," and problems ''for'' democracy, "problems related to the results generated by democracy."Gerardo L. Munck and Juan Pablo Luna, ''Latin American Politics and Society: A Comparative and Historical Analysis.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022; Gerardo L. Munck, “Democracia y Estado en América Latina,” pp. 52-63, in Fundación Análisis de Política Exterior and Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (eds.), ''Una agenda común de futuro: Latinoamericanos y europeos por la transformación social,'' Madrid: Política Exterior, 2023. Munck argues that "the problems of democracy prevent the reduction of problems for democracy, and unresolved problems for democracy block the possibility of reducing the problems of democracy" and that this dynamic generates a suboptimal equilibrium.Gerardo L. Munck and Juan Pablo Luna, ''Latin American Politics and Society: A Comparative and Historical Analysis.'' New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022, pp. xxx, 566; Gerardo L. Munck, “Democracia y Estado en América Latina,” pp. 52-63, in Fundación Análisis de Política Exterior and Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (eds.), ''Una agenda común de futuro: Latinoamericanos y europeos por la transformación social,'' Madrid: Política Exterior, 2023. ==== Democracy and the state ==== Munck has advanced the argument that [[state capacity]] affects democracy and that democracy also affects state capacity. In ''A Middle-Quality Institutional Trap: Democracy and State Capacity in Latin America'' (2020), with [[Sebastián Mazzuca]], he maintains that "States can make democracy and democracy can make States," but that they do so "only under certain macroconditions, which trigger the causal mechanisms that make the State–democracy interaction a virtuous cycle." Contrary to the thesis of [[Francis Fukuyama]] that a capable state can only be built before transitioning to democracy, he shows that many countries have developed their state capacity in parallel with their democratization process or after democratization. Munck has extended this analysis in the context of 21st-century Latin American democracies. In “Democracy and the State in Latin America” (2023), he argues that "the trajectory of democracy in Latin America will be largely determined by what is done or not done to build a state that serves its citizens effectively, efficiently, and equitably."Gerardo L. Munck, “Democracia y Estado en América Latina,” pp. 52-63, in Fundación Análisis de Política Exterior and Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (eds.), ''Una agenda común de futuro: Latinoamericanos y europeos por la transformación social,'' Madrid: Política Exterior, 2023. In his article "The State as a Determinant of Democracy" (2024), Munck elaborates on the mechanisms by which Latin American states, which he characterizes as semipatrimonial, affect democracy and generate low-quality but resilient democracies.Gerardo L. Munck, “The State as a Determinant of Democracy: Durable Poor-Quality Democracies in Contemporary Latin America.” ''Democratization'' 31,2 (2024): 341-65. In “Democracy in Latin America” (2026), he introduced the idea of a Latin American triangle of the 21st-century. This triangle is conformed by (1) low-quality democracies, (2) states with public administrations that have patrimonial and only partially neo-Weberian characteristics, and (3) capitalism with low growth and large inequalities of income and wealth.Gerardo L. Munck, “La democracia en América Latina: Apuntes para una discusión.” ''Revista Latinoamericana sobre Democracia'' 2, 2 (2026): 7-29.[https://www.rld.sociales.unam.mx/index.php/relade/article/view/15/8] === Critical junctures === Munck edited with [[David Collier (political scientist)|David Collier]] a book on ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science'' (2022).David Collier and Gerardo L. Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science.'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. The book provides a review of theoretical and methodological ideas related to critical junctures and many examples of substantive research that uses the critical juncture framework. Munck defines a critical juncture as “(1) a rapid, discontinuous, macro-level change, and (2) a distal cause that generates a historical legacy or, more precisely, has a persistent effect via a causal cycle—a causal chain that includes a repeated cause-effect pair.” He also proposes a reconstruction of the critical juncture framework that shows how it can integrate explanation of statics and dynamics.Gerardo L. Munck, “The Theoretical Foundations of Critical Juncture Research: Critique and Reconstruction,” pp. 109-37, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science.'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022, p. 130. === Knowledge in the social sciences === One line of Munck's work focuses on the production of knowledge in the social sciences. ====Oral histories==== He published two books with extensive interviews with leading scholars, which not only address their intellectual formation and the social context of their research but also how they go about the research process and wrote their influential works. One book of interviews, ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics'' (2007), with Richard Snyder, covers the intellectual careers of fifteen scholars: [[Gabriel Almond]], [[Barrington Moore]], [[Robert Dahl]], [[Juan José Linz]], [[Samuel P. Huntington]], [[Arend Lijphart]], [[Guillermo O'Donnell]], [[Philippe Schmitter]], [[James C. Scott]], [[Alfred Stepan]], [[Adam Przeworski]], [[Robert Bates (political scientist)|Robert H. Bates]], [[David Collier (political scientist)|David Collier]], [[David D. Laitin]], and [[Theda Skocpol]].Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics'' (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). Another book of interviews, ''El pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano'' (Latin American Sociopolitical Thought) (2023), with Martín Tanaka, focuses on the contributions of ten Latin American sociologists and political scientists: [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], [[Rodolfo Stavenhagen]], Edelberto Torres Rivas, [[Marta Harnecker]], [[Julio Cotler]], [[Guillermo O'Donnell]], Francisco Leal Buitrago, Marcelo Cavarozzi, [[Manuel Antonio Garretón]], and Elizabeth Jelin.Gerardo L. Munck y Martín Tanaka, ''El pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano: Ciencias sociales e intelectuales en tiempos cambiantes'' (Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prometeo, 2023). ====The evolution of Comparative Politics==== Munck also offers the following periodization for the evolution of modern comparative politics, as a field of [[political science]] - understood as an [[academic discipline]] - in the United States:Gerardo L. Munck, "The Past and Present of Comparative Politics," pp. 32-59, in Munck and Richard Snyder, ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics'' (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.415.8830&rep=rep1&type=pdf] Munck's periodization has been validated by Matthew Charles Wilson, "Trends in Political Science Research and the Progress of Comparative Politics," ''PS: Political Science & Politics'' 50(4)(2017): 979-984. * 1. The Constitution of Political Science as a Discipline, 1880–1920 * 2. The [[Behavioralism|Behavioral Revolution]], 1921–66 * 3. The Post-Behavioral Period, 1967–88 * 4. The Second [[Scientific Revolution]] 1989–present Munck also specifies several trends in the field since the turn of the century.Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder "Comparative Politics at a Crossroad: Problems, Opportunities and Prospects from the North and South." ''Política y Gobierno'' (Mexico) 26, 1 (2019): 139-58 [http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/pyg/v26n1/1665-2037-pyg-26-01-139.pdf] * End of the pretense of rational choice theory to hegemonize the field * Lack of a unifying [[metatheory]] * Greater attention to [[causal inference]], and increased use of [[Experiment|experimental methods]]. * Continued use of observation methods, including qualitative methods. * New concern with a "hegemony of methods" as theorizing is not given as much attention. ==Work with International Organizations== ===United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)=== Munck collaborated with [[Dante Caputo]] and [[Guillermo O'Donnell]] in the preparation of the [[UNDP|United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP)]] report ''Democracy in Latin America. Toward a Citizens’ Democracy'' (2004).United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), ''Democracy in Latin America. Toward a Citizens’ Democracy'' (New York and Buenos Aires: UNDP and Aguilar, Altea, Taurus, Alfaguara, 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140525213906/http://www.votb.org/elsalvador/Reports/Report_Democracy_in_Latin_America_New.pdf]. He also worked with [[Dante Caputo]] on a second regional report on democracy in Latin America prepared by the UNDP and the Organization of American States (OAS), ''Nuestra democracia'' (2010).OAS (Organization of American States) and UNDP, ''Nuestra Democracia'' (México: OAS, UNDP and Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2010). Spanish version: [http://www.oas.org/es/sap/docs/Nuestra_Dem_s.pdf]; english version: [http://www.latinamerica.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Democratic%20Governance/UNDP-OAS_Our_Democracy_in_Latin_America.pdf]{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. With the UNDP, he elaborated a system to monitor corruption in Afghanistan,Angela Hawken and Gerardo L. Munck, “A Corruption Monitoring System for Afghanistan,” UNDP Accountability and Transparency (ACT) project, Kabul, Afghanistan, July 2008. and wrote background papers for the UNDP regional reports on Asia and the Pacific on corruption and gender equality.See, respectively, UNDP Asia Pacific Human Development Report, ''Tackling Corruption, Transforming Lives'' (2008) [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/regional/asiathepacific/RHDR_Full%20Report_Tackling_Corruption_Transforming_Lives.pdf] and UNDP Asia Pacific Human Development Report, ''Power, Voice and Rights: A Turning Point for Gender Equality in Asia and the Pacific'' (2010). [http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/regional/asiathepacific/RHDR-2010-AsiaPacific.pdf]. ===Organization of American States (OAS)=== Munck developed a methodology to monitor elections for the [[Organization of American States|Organization of American States (OAS)]].''Methods for Election Observation: A Manual for OAS Election Observation Missions'' (Washington, D.C.: Organization of American States, October 2007). [http://www.oas.org/en/spa/docs/methods%20manual.pdf]. ===Open Government Partnership (OGP)=== Munck was a member of the inaugural International Experts Panel of the [[Open Government Partnership]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.opengovpartnership.org/former-members-of-the-international-experts-panel/|title = Former Members of the International Experts Panel}} ===Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)=== Munck was appointed as a member of the High-Level Expert Commission which supports the Human Rights, Democracy and Equality Program, of the [[Organization of Ibero-American States|Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture (OEI)]].{{cite web | url=https://oei.int/pt/escritorios/secretaria-geral/eventos/lanzamiento-del-programa-iberoamericano-de-derechos-humanos-democracia-e-igualdad-de-la-oei/ | title=OEI | Secretaria-Geral | Eventos | Lanzamiento del Programa Iberoamericano de Derechos Humanos, Democracia e Igualdad de la OEI }}{{cite web | url=https://www.casamerica.es/politica/presentacion-del-programa-iberoamericano-de-derechos-humanos-democracia-e-igualdad-de-la | title=Presentación del Programa Iberoamericano de Derechos Humanos, Democracia e Igualdad de la OEI }} ==Personal life== Munck's grandmother is swimmer [[Lilian Harrison]]. His brother is sociologist [[Ronaldo Munck]].{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelswimmingdover.org.uk/content/swimmer/harrison-miss-lillian-gemma|title = Harrison, Miss Lillian Gemma}} ==Selected publications== ===Books and Edited Volumes=== ''Progress in the Social Sciences: Scientific Research and the Quest for Knowledge about Democracy'' ([[Cambridge University Press]], forthcoming, 2027). ''The Theoretical Foundations of Democracy Studies: Concepts, Causes, and Outcomes'' ([[Cambridge University Press]], forthcoming, 2026). ''El pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano: Ciencias sociales e intelectuales en tiempos cambiantes'' (with Martín Tanaka; Prometeo, 2023) ''Latin American Politics and Society: A Comparative and Historical Analysis'' (with J.P. Luna; [[Cambridge University Press]], 2022). ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science'', co-editor with David Collier (Rowman & Littlefield, 2022). ''A Middle-Quality Institutional Trap: Democracy and State Capacity in Latin America'' (with Sebastián L. Mazzuca; Cambridge University Press, 2020). ''La calidad de la democracia: Perspectivas desde América Latina'', co-editor with Sebastián Mantilla Baca (Quito, Ecuador: CELAEP and Fundación Hans Seidel, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084347/http://www.hss.de/fileadmin/americalatina/Ecuador/downloads/Version_1__Libro_Calidad_de_la_democracia_1.pdf] ''Measuring Democracy: A Bridge between Scholarship and Politics'' ([[Johns Hopkins University Press]], 2009). ''Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics'' (with Richard Snyder; Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007). ''Regimes and Democracy in Latin America'', editor ([[Oxford University Press]], 2007). “Regimes and Democracy in Latin America”, co-editor with David Collier. Special Issue of ''Studies in Comparative International Development'' 36, 1 (Spring 2001): 3–141. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2905404] ''Authoritarianism and Democratization: Soldiers and Workers in Argentina, 1976-83'' (Penn State University Press, 1998). ===Articles=== “La democracia en América Latina: Apuntes para una discusión.” ''Revista Latinoamericana sobre Democracia'' 2, 2 (2026): 7-29.[https://www.rld.sociales.unam.mx/index.php/relade/article/view/15/8] “The State as a Determinant of Democracy: Durable Poor-Quality Democracies in Contemporary Latin America.” ''Democratization'' 31, 2 (2024): 341-65. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4629671] “Las ciencias sociales y el pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano,” pp. 15–43, in Gerardo L. Munck and Martín Tanaka, ''El pensamiento sociopolítico latinoamericano: Ciencias sociales e intelectuales en tiempos cambiantes,'' Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prometeo, 2023. "Introduction: Tradition and Innovation in Critical Juncture Research," pp. 1–29, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=4317348] “The Theoretical Foundations of Critical Juncture Research: Critique and Reconstruction,” pp. 109–37, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3889801] “Quantitative Methods and Critical Junctures: The Strengths and Limits of Quantitative History,” pp. 183–205, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. “The Power and Promise of Critical Juncture Research,” pp. 389–401, in David Collier and Munck (eds.), ''Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies: Insights and Methods for Comparative Social Science,'' Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. “Conceptualization and Measurement: Basic Distinctions and Guidelines,” pp. 331–52, in Luigi Curini and Robert Franzese (eds.), ''The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations,'' Vol. 1, with Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Skaaning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2020. [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3889800] “Comparative Politics at a Crossroad: Problems, Opportunities and Prospects from the North and South,” with Richard Snyder. ''Política y Gobierno'' (Mexico) 26, 1 (2019): 139-58. [http://www.politicaygobierno.cide.edu/index.php/pyg/article/download/1233/980/] “Modernization Theory as a Case of Failed Knowledge Production.” ''The Annals of Comparative Democratization'' 16, 3 (2018): 37-41. [https://mk0apsaconnectbvy6p6.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/10/2018_16_3-Annals_of_CD_September.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813130345/https://mk0apsaconnectbvy6p6.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2018/10/2018_16_3-Annals_of_CD_September.pdf |date=2019-08-13 }} "Building Blocks and Methodological Challenges: A Framework for Studying Critical Junctures," with David Collier, ''Qualitative and Multi-Method Research'' 15, 1 (2017). [https://ssrn.com/abstract=3034920] "What is Democracy? A Reconceptualization of the Quality of Democracy." ''Democratization,'' 23, 1 (2016): 1-26. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2299128] "Building Democracy … Which Democracy? Ideology and Models of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America." ''Government and Opposition'' 50, 3 (2015): 364-93. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2731458] "State or Democracy First? Alternative Perspectives on the State-Democracy Nexus," with Sebastián L. Mazzuca. ''Democratization'' 21, 7 (2014): 1221-43. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2315927] “Debating the Direction of Comparative Politics: An Analysis of Leading Journals,” with Richard Snyder, ''Comparative Political Studies'' 40, 1 (2007): 5-31. [http://www.richardsnyder.net/uploads/9/7/9/2/97920532/munck-snyder_cps_2007.pdf] "Democratic Politics in Latin America: New Debates and Research Frontiers." ''Annual Review of Political Science'' 7 (2004): 437-62. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2480834] "Tools for Qualitative Research," pp. 105–21, in Henry E. Brady and David Collier (eds.), ''Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards,'' Boulder, Col. and Berkeley, Cal.: Rowman & Littlefield and Berkeley Public Policy Press, 2004. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices," with Jay Verkuilen. ''Comparative Political Studies'' 35, 1 (2002): 5-34. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.469.3177&rep=rep1&type=pdf] "The Regime Question: Theory Building in Democracy Studies." ''World Politics'' 54, 1 (2001): 119-44. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2480825] "Game Theory and Comparative Politics: New Perspectives and Old Concerns." ''World Politics'' 53, 2 (2001): 173-204. [https://ssrn.com/abstract=2480778] "Modes of Transition and Democratization. South America and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective," with Carol Leff. ''Comparative Politics'' 29, 3 (1997): 343-62. [http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~munck/pdf/Munck_Leff%20CP%201997.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128002951/http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~munck/pdf/Munck_Leff%20CP%201997.pdf |date=2018-01-28 }} "Disaggregating Political Regime: Conceptual Issues in the Study of Democratization." ''Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies Working Paper'' 228 (1996). [https://kellogg.nd.edu/publications/workingpapers/WPS/228.pdf] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.gerardomunck.com Personal Website] * {{Twitter|GerardoMunck}} * Gerardo Munck columns in ''Clarín'' (in Spanish) [https://www.clarin.com/autor/gerardo-munck.html] * [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=948846 Gerardo Munck Papers at SSRN] * ''The Critical Juncture Project,'' coordinated by David Collier and Gerardo L. Munck [http://www.critical-juncture.net] * [https://sites.usc.edu/latinamerica/ Website on Latin American politics] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Munck, Gerardo L.}} [[Category:University of Southern California faculty]] [[Category:Argentine political scientists]] [[Category:American political scientists]] [[Category:Latin Americanists]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Social scientists from Buenos Aires]] [[Category:Argentine emigrants to the United States]] [[Category:1958 births]]