{{Short description|First South African election held under nonracial, universal suffrage}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox election
| country = South Africa
| flag_year = 1994
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1989 South African general election
| previous_year = 1989
| election_date = 26–29 April 1994
| next_election = 1999 South African general election
| next_year = 1999
| elected_members = List of National Assembly members of the 22nd Parliament of South Africa
| seats_for_election = All 400 seats in the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 201
| image_size = 130x130px
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Nelson Mandela 1994.jpg|bSize = 107|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader1 = [[Nelson Mandela]]
| party1 = African National Congress
| last_election1 = ''Outlawed''
| seats1 = '''252'''
| seat_change1 = ''New party''
| popular_vote1 = '''12,237,655'''
| percentage1 = '''62.65%'''
| swing1 = ''New party''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image = F.W. de Klerk wait to speak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LCCN2011634246 (cropped).tif|F.W. de Klerk wait to speak in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania LCCN2011634246 (cropped)|bSize = 107|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader2 = [[F. W. de Klerk]]
| party2 = [[National Party (South Africa)|NP]]
| last_election2 = 48.19%, 94 seats
| seats2 = 82
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 12
| popular_vote2 = 3,983,690
| percentage2 = 20.39%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 27.80pp
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Buthelezi2.jpg|bSize = 118|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader3 = [[Mangosuthu Buthelezi]]
| party3 = Inkatha Freedom Party
| last_election3 = ''Did not exist''
| seats3 = 43
| seat_change3 = ''New party''
| popular_vote3 = 2,058,294
| percentage3 = 10.54%
| swing3 = ''New party''
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image = Constand Viljoen c. 1985.png|bSize = 200|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 12|oLeft = 42}}
| leader4 = [[Constand Viljoen]]
| party4 = Freedom Front (South Africa)
| last_election4 = ''Did not exist''
| seats4 = 9
| seat_change4 = ''New party''
| popular_vote4 = 424,555
| percentage4 = 2.17%
| swing4 = ''New party''
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image = De Beer (cropped).png|bSize = 107|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| leader5 = [[Zach de Beer]]
| party5 = [[Democratic Party (South Africa)|DP]]
| last_election5 = 20.00%, 33 seats
| seats5 = 7
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 26
| popular_vote5 = 338,426
| percentage5 = 1.73%
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 18.27pp
| image6 = {{CSS image crop|Image = ClarenceMakwetu (cropped).jpg|bSize = 107|cWidth = 107|cHeight = 130|oTop = 10|oLeft = 0}}
| leader6 = [[Clarence Makwetu]]
| party6 = Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
| last_election6 = ''Outlawed''
| seats6 = 5
| seat_change6 = ''New party''
| popular_vote6 = 243,478
| percentage6 = 1.25%
| swing6 = ''New party''
| map_image = 1994 South African general election.svg
| map_size = 402px
| title = State President
| before_election = [[F. W. de Klerk]]
| before_party = [[National Party (South Africa)|NP]]
| posttitle = Elected President
| after_election = [[Nelson Mandela]]
| after_party = African National Congress
}}{{Politics of South Africa}}
[[File:South African 1994 election ballot paper.jpg|thumb|Ballot paper used in the 1994 election]][[File:RSA1994 Election.png|right|thumb|Share of each party's votes in the election]]
General elections were held in [[South Africa]] between 26 and 29 April 1994.[[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2291_94.htm South Africa: Parliamentary Chamber: National Assembly: Elections held in 1994] Inter-Parliamentary Union] The elections were the first in South Africa in which citizens of all races could vote, bringing an end to the [[herrenvolk democracy]] that had existed since 1948 and marking the country's first election under [[universal suffrage]]. The election was conducted under the direction of the [[Independent Electoral Commission (South Africa)|Independent Electoral Commission]] (IEC), and marked the culmination of the four-year process that [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|ended apartheid]].
Millions queued in lines over a four-day voting period. Altogether, 19,726,579 votes were counted, and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, the [[African National Congress]] (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederation [[Congress of South African Trade Unions|COSATU]] and the [[South African Communist Party]] (SACP), won a [[landslide victory]], taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of the [[supermajority]] required to unilaterally amend the [[Interim Constitution of South Africa|Interim Constitution]].
As required by that document, the ANC formed a [[Cabinet of Nelson Mandela|Government of National Unity]] with the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]] (NP) and the [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] (IFP), the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in the [[National Assembly (South Africa)|National Assembly]]. The governing NP polled just over 20%, and was thus eligible for a post of Vice President to incumbent president De Klerk. The new National Assembly's first act was to elect [[Nelson Mandela]] as [[President of South Africa|President]], making him the country's first black chief executive. He then appointed the [[Cabinet of Nelson Mandela]]. The date 27 April is now a [[Public holidays in South Africa|public holiday in South Africa]], [[Freedom Day (South Africa)|Freedom Day]].
==Background==
===Apartheid===
In 1948, the newly elected National Party government in South Africa began to institute [[apartheid]], an institutionalized system of [[racial segregation]] that placed sociopolitical dominance in the hands of the European-descended [[White South Africans|white minority]]. Under the [[Population Registration Act, 1950]], all South Africans were categorised by the government as White, [[Black South Africans|Black]], [[Coloureds|Coloured]] (mixed) or [[Indian South Africans|Indian]]. Suffrage was reserved for Whites, [[Anti-miscegenation laws|interracial sexual relationships were forbidden]] and over 80% of the country's land was reserved for the white minority. Members of the [[Black South Africans|Black majority]] were stripped of citizenship under the [[Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970]], and were instead made citizens of one of the country's "[[bantustan]]s", territories reserved for various black ethnic groups.[{{Cite web |title=apartheid |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/apartheid |website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]}}] The South African government faced international condemnation against the backdrop of the [[decolonisation of Africa]], and by the 1980s, the state was struggling with [[Internal resistance to apartheid|major internal political violence]], a [[South African Border War|war of independence in Namibia and intervention in Angola]] and a failing economy burdened by international sanctions and the heavy costs of national security, effectively forcing the government to move towards political reform.[{{Cite web |title=Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - The End of Apartheid |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/apartheid |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=[[Office of the Historian]]}}]
In 1983, [[P. W. Botha]]'s government approved a [[South African Constitution of 1983|new constitution]], which implemented a [[Tricameral Parliament]], with additional houses representing the Coloured and Indian populations. However, Blacks remained unrepresented in parliament, with political representation only existing under the bantustan system. Anti-apartheid groups opposed to the Tricameral Parliament instead reorganized under the umbrella of the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]]. The [[1984 South African general election|1984 election]] to the non-white houses of parliament also faced widespread boycotts from Indian and Coloured voters.[{{Cite web |title=Tricameral Parliament Description 2 |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv01538/04lv01828/05lv02005/06lv02007.htm |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The O'Malley Archives}}][{{Cite web |title=United Democratic Front (UDF) |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv02730/05lv03188/06lv03222.htm |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The O'Malley Archives}}] In 1985, the government introduced a sweeping [[state of emergency]] in response to growing civil unrest, which included sweeping restrictions on [[freedom of movement]], [[freedom of speech]] and [[freedom of the press]], particularly for non-White South Africans.[{{Cite web |date=2015-07-21 |title=State of Emergency - 1985 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/state-emergency-1985 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=[[South African History Online]]}}] In 1989, F. W. de Klerk was elected [[State President of South Africa]], succeeding Botha. On 2 February 1990, de Klerk made a [[Speech at the Opening of the Parliament of South Africa, 1990|speech at the opening of Parliament]] in [[Cape Town]], in which he unexpectedly announced his intention to unban anti-apartheid groups such as the ANC, SACP and the [[Pan Africanist Congress of Azania]] (PAC), to release political prisoners such as ANC leader Nelson Mandela and requested a process of negotiation with the anti-apartheid opposition.[{{Cite web |title=F. W. de Klerk's speech at the opening of Parliament 2 February 1990 |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02103/05lv02104/06lv02105.htm |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=The O'Malley Archives}}][{{Cite web |last=O'Carroll |first=Sinead |date=2015-02-02 |title=On this day 25 years ago, the speech that changed South Africa forever |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/apartheid-anc-fw-de-klerk-1911557-Feb2015/ |website=[[TheJournal.ie]]}}] On 11 February, Mandela was released from [[Victor Verster Prison]] in Cape Town, after 27 years of incarceration.[{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Cydney |date=2016-02-11 |title=Feb. 11th, 1990: Nelson Mandela released from prison |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-this-day-february-11th-1990-nelson-mandela-released-from-prison/ |website=[[CBS News]]}}]
===Political transition===
Formal negotiations between the ANC and the government were initially scheduled to begin on 11 April 1990. However on 26 March, police opened fire on protestors in the township of [[Sebokeng]], killing 11 people. Consequently, the ANC cancelled the talks, and negotiations were only rescheduled for 2–4 May following an emergency meeting between Mandela and de Klerk. The "talks about talks" were held at the [[Groote Schuur]] presidential estate, and were intended to discuss terms before more substantive constitutional negotiations could begin. The parties jointly agreed to aim to end political violence, and to establish a joint working group. On 6 August, the government and ANC issued a further joint declaration, known as the Pretoria Minute, in which the ANC and its armed wing, [[uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK) agreed to the suspension of armed activities, in exchange for the government lifting of the State of Emergency (then only active in [[Natal Province]]), further release of political prisoners from September 1990, and a review of certain provisions of the [[Internal Security Act, 1982|Internal Security Act]].[{{cite web |title=Minutes and Accords between the ANC and the South African Government, May 1990 – February 1991 |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/transition/minutes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924080916/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/transition/minutes.html |archive-date=2006-09-24 |access-date=2024-12-11|publisher=African National Congress}}][{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=Thula |date=2009 |title=Toyi-Toyi-ing to Freedom: The Endgame in the ANCs Armed Struggle, 1989-1990 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40283245 |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=507–521 |doi=10.1080/03057070902920015 |jstor=40283245 |hdl=2263/14707 |s2cid=145785746 |issn=0305-7070|hdl-access=free }}] On 14 September 1991, 24 organisations signed the National Peace Accord, which included a code of conduct for political parties and security forces, and structures for the resolution of political conflict, such as the [[Goldstone Commission]].[{{Cite web |last1=Camay |first1=Phiroshaw |last2=Gordon |first2=Anne J. |title=The National Peace Accord and its Structures |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02424/04lv03275/05lv03294/06lv03321.htm |website=The O'Malley Archives}}]
On 30 November 1991, 19 organisations announced that the first meeting of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) would be held in Johannesburg on 20 and 21 December 1991, in order to discuss constitutional arrangements.[{{Cite web |title=1991 |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02042.htm |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The O'Malley Archives}}] The CODESA 1 plenary session saw all participating groups, except for the [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] (IFP) and the government of the [[Bophuthatswana]] homeland, agree to a declaration of intent on establishing a united South Africa with common citizenship for all racial groups, and to promote peaceful political participation so that constitutional change could be advanced. Working groups were established with the aim of forming a constitution-making body, deciding the future of the bantustans, and establishing an interim government within a set time frame. CODESA 1 was not attended by the [[Pan Africanist Congress of Azania|PAC]], [[Conservative Party (South Africa)|Conservative Party]] (CP) or [[Azanian People's Organisation]] (AZAPO).[{{Cite web |title=Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/convention-democratic-south-africa-codesa |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=SA History Online}}][{{Cite web |title=THE CONVENTION FOR A DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA - CODESA 1 and CODESA 2 (1991-1992) |url=https://www.concourttrust.org.za/uploads/files/Background_to_CODESA_1.pdf |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=[[Constitutional Court of South Africa|Constitutional Court Trust]]}}] Around the same time, de Klerk's National Party government faced a series of whites-only [[by-election]] losses, leading his government to hold a [[1992 South African apartheid referendum|referendum on 17 March 1992]] on the continuation of the negotiation process. The NP and [[Democratic Party (South Africa)|Democratic Party]] campaigned for a "Yes" vote, while the CP supported the "No" vote. The referendum produced a landslide victory for the government, with 68.3% of voters voting "Yes" for the process to end the apartheid system.[{{Cite web |last=Traydon |first=Robert J. |title= The 'often overlooked' sledgehammer that ended apartheid |url=https://www.news24.com/News24/the-often-overlooked-sledgehammer-that-ended-apartheid-20171019 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}]
The second session, CODESA 2, convened at the [[Kempton Park, South Africa|Kempton Park World Trade Centre]] on 25 May 1992. The session collapsed following a deadlock on constitutional issues between the ANC and NP.[{{Cite web |title=The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA): CODESA 2 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/convention-democratic-south-africa-codesa-codesa-2 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=SA History Online}}] In response to the failure of negotiations, the ANC announced a campaign of "rolling mass action", encompassing public protests and [[strike action|strikes]] in order to pressure the government to meet its demands.[{{Cite web |title= Events leading to the breakdown of CODESA and the launch of the Rolling Mass Action Campaign |url=https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/the-breakdown-of-codesa-and-the-launch-of-rolling-mass-action/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=WeThePeopleSA }}] On 23 June, the ANC announced the suspension of talks after alleging government complicity in a [[Boipatong massacre|17 June massacre]] against residents of the township of [[Boipatong]] by supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party.[{{Cite web |last=Keller |first=Bill |date=1992-06-04 |title=Mandela, Stunned by Massacre, Pulls Out of Talks on Black Rule |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/world/mandela-stunned-by-massacre-pulls-out-of-talks-on-black-rule.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526060349/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/24/world/mandela-stunned-by-massacre-pulls-out-of-talks-on-black-rule.html |archive-date=2015-05-26 |website=The New York Times}}] On 7 September, ANC supporters, marching against the government of [[Oupa Gqozo]] in the homeland of [[Ciskei]], were [[Bisho massacre|opened fire on]] by the [[Ciskei Defence Force]] in the homeland's capital, [[Bhisho]], killing 29 people. Despite the massacre often being cited as the impetus for a return to negotiations, the aftermath saw an escalation of political violence in Ciskei.[{{Cite journal |last=Evans |first=Laura |date=2023 |title=The Bhisho March and Massacre of September 1992: The 'Leipzig Option' and the Meanings of Mass Action in the South African Transition |journal=South African Historical Journal |volume=75 |issue=3|pages=287–324 |doi=10.1080/02582473.2024.2399631 |doi-access=free }}][{{Cite report |url=https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/reports/volume2/chapter7/subsection14.htm |title=Truth and Reconciliation Commission Final Report |date=1998 |volume=2 |chapter=7 |page=622 |quote="After the Bisho massacre of September 1992, these clashes erupted into more overt warfare, with increasingly sophisticated weapons being used"}}]
While negotiations between the ANC and NP had been suspended, unofficial talks were continued from June 1992 without authorization between [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] of the ANC and [[Roelf Meyer]] of the NP. The talks culminated in the official Record of Understanding between the ANC and the government on the 26 September, recognizing agreements reached between the two in meetings.[{{Cite journal |last=O'Malley |first=Padraig |date=June 1996 |title=Ramaphosa and Meyer in Belfast – The South African Experience: How the New South Africa was Negotiated |url=https://scholarworks.umb.edu/mccormack_pubs/28 |website=ScholarWorks at UMass Boston |publisher=[[John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies]]}}][{{Cite web |date=25 November 1992 |title=Record of Understanding 26 September 1992 |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02046/05lv02092/06lv02096.htm |website=The O'Malley Archives}}] On 1-2 April 1993, a new multilateral conference, the Multiparty Negotiating Process, was first attended at Kempton Park by 26 different organizations.[{{Cite web |title=THE MULTIPARTY NEGOTIATING PROCESS (1993) |url=https://www.concourttrust.org.za/uploads/files/Background_to_Multi-party_Negotiations.pdf |website=Constitutional Court Trust}}] The only significant absent groups were AZAPO and some Afrikaner nationalist organizations.[{{Cite web |title=The story of the MPNP |url=https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/the-multi-party-negotiating-process/ |website=WeThePeopleSA}}]
In October 1992, the IFP initiated the formation of the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG) alongside the Bantustan governments of Bophuthatswana and Ciskei and the white pro-apartheid Conservative Party, in protest at its alleged sidelining during the negotiation process, and in order to ensure its representation among factions other than the national government and the anti-apartheid opposition. In June 1993, the IFP walked out from the MPNF in protest at the mechanism being used to determine the upcoming election date. Bophuthatswana and Ciskei continued participation until withdrawing in October, upon which COSAG was replaced with the Freedom Alliance, incorporating additional far-right elements.[{{Cite journal |last=Corder |first=Hugh |date=1994 |title=Towards a South African Constitution |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1096553 |journal=The Modern Law Review |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=491–533 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1994.tb01957.x |jstor=1096553 |issn=0026-7961|url-access=subscription }}] On 17 November 1993, an MPNF plenary meeting endorsed an [[Interim Constitution (South Africa)|interim constitution]], under which non-racial elections were due to be held on 27 April 1994.[{{Cite journal |date=3 February 1992 |title=Political Violence: 1990 |url=https://www.csvr.org.za/political-violence-1990/ |journal=Human Rights and Labour Law Yearbook 1991 |volume=2 |pages=193–219}}] Political violence was perpetrated by various actors, including the state, anti-apartheid groups, bantustan authorities, Zulu supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party and pro-apartheid white supremacist groups.
Following de Klerk's speech in which he announced political reform, members of the far-right responded by attacking the British embassy in Pretoria and murdering a black civilian in [[Klerksdorp]] on 5 February 1990.[{{Cite web |title=1990 |url=https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02041.htm |website=The O'Malley Archives}}] On 4 March, military officer [[Oupa Gqozo]] overthrew the government of President-for-Life [[Lennox Sebe]] in the bantustan of [[Ciskei]] in a [[1990 Ciskei coup d'état|military coup]], prompting two days of rioting which resulted in the South African government deploying troops to quell the unrest.[{{Cite web |last=Kraft |first=Scott |date=6 March 1990 |title=South Africa Sends Troops to Restore Order in Ciskei : Black homelands: A coup leads to rioting and looting. The new leader asks for help, says Pretoria 'has left them behind.' |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-06-mn-1938-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}]
===Conduct===
{{Expand section|date=December 2024}}
After initially announcing a boycott due to constitutional disagreements, the [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] (IFP) reversed its decision on 19 April, days before the election. It was added to the already-printed ballot papers by means of a sticker.[{{Cite web |date=2014-04-27 |title=The bargain that saved us in 1994 |url=https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/the-bargain-that-saved-us-in-1994-1680948 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015340/https://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/the-bargain-that-saved-us-in-1994-1680948 |archive-date=2018-11-01 |website=[[The Sunday Independent (South Africa)|The Sunday Independent]]}}][{{Cite news |date=1994-04-20 |title=BUTHELEZI ENDS BOYCOTT OF S. AFRICAN VOTE |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/20/buthelezi-ends-boycott-of-s-african-vote/ec9c8d56-5eb9-4a35-8f50-03fcb595e731/ |newspaper=Washington Post}}] In rural areas with limited infrastructure, people queued "for days" in order to vote.[''[[s:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996|Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996]]'', [[s:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/Schedule 6|Schedule 6: "Transitional Arrangements"]], item 7.]
|}
In 1997, on the adoption of [[Constitution of South Africa|the final Constitution]], the Senate became the [[National Council of Provinces]]; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table.
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|align=center colspan=14 |[[File:South African National Council of Provinces 1997.svg]]
|+Initial determination of delegates to the National Council of Provinces at the adoption of the new Constitution on 4 February 1997
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Delegate type
![[Eastern Cape|EC]]
![[Free State (province)|FS]]
![[Gauteng|G]]
![[KwaZulu-Natal|KZN]]
![[Mpumalanga|M]]
![[North West (South African province)|NW]]
![[Northern Cape|NC]]
![[Northern Province (South Africa)|NP]]
![[Western Cape|WC]]
!colspan=2|''Total''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|African National Congress}} rowspan=2|
|align=left rowspan=2|[[African National Congress]]
|align=left|Permanent
|5
|4
|3
|1
|4
|4
|3
|6
|2
|''32''
|rowspan=2|''60''
|-
|align=left|Special
|4
|4
|3
|2
|4
|4
|2
|4
|1
|''28''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|National Party (South Africa)}} rowspan=2|
|align=left rowspan=2|[[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]]
|align=left|Permanent
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|2
|
|3
|''11''
|rowspan=2|''17''
|-
|align=left|Special
|
|
|1
|
|
|
|2
|
|3
|''6''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Inkatha Freedom Party}} rowspan=2|
|align=left rowspan=2|[[Inkatha Freedom Party]]
|align=left|Permanent
|
|
|
|3
|
|
|
|
|
|''3''
|rowspan=2|''5''
|-
|align=left|Special
|
|
|
|2
|
|
|
|
|
|''2''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Freedom Front}}| ||align=left|[[Freedom Front Plus|Freedom Front]]
|align=left|Permanent
|
|1
|1
|
|1
|1
|1
|
|
|colspan=2|''5''
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Democratic Party (South Africa)}}| ||align=left|[[Democratic Party (South Africa)|Democratic Party]]
|align=left|Permanent
|
|
|1
|1
|
|
|
|
|1
|colspan=2|''3''
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:left"|Total
!10
!10
!10
!10
!10
!10
!10
!10
!10
!colspan=2|''90''
|-
|align=left colspan=14|Source: Constitution of South Africa[{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2014/04/s-africa-marks-democracy-anniversary-2014427114951886747.html|title=S Africa marks democracy anniversary|website=aljazeera.com}}]
In a ''[[The Sunday Independent (South Africa)|Sunday Independent]]'' article on the 20th anniversary of the election, [[Steven Friedman]], who headed the IEC's information analysis department during the [[election]], stated that the lack of a [[voters roll]] made verifying the results of the election difficult, and there were widespread accusations of cheating.